Toner resins

We are currently investigating the synthesis and characterization of such molecules for numerous different applications such as surfactants, cosmetics, and toner resins. A point of interest in the preparation and characterization of multifunctional hyperbranched molecules is the compositional heterogeneity (how many and what type of functional groups are on a particular hyperbranched po-lyesteramide molecule) and the positional heterogeneity (spatial distribution of the functional groups on a particular hyperbranched polyesteramide molecule). 

Coloured materials find application in both toners and organic photoconductors fused in electrophotography. Photoconductors will be covered in detail in Chapter 4 (section 4.4) and only toner resins will be considered in this section. 

Thermoplastic cyclic olefin polymers can be used for a wide range of applications, such as wire coating materials, agricultural films, and packaging films, and toner resins. Further, optical applications such as plate lenses, including Fresnel lenses have been described (6). 

However, PDMS-modified silica aggregates seem to coat nearly the entire toner particle. Their topographical diameter is doubled compared to the HMDS-coated particles, but the diameter estimated from the phase image is very similar to the one foimd for the HMDS-modified ones. The maximum phase shift is reduced compared to the samples above. This indicates that the silica aggregates are covered by a soft material - the silylation layer. This soft material covers not only the particles but also the resin surface in between them. This can be seen by the decreased phase shift in between the silica particles compared to the pure resin. As in sample (Fig. 5b), probably the PDMS silylation layer interacts with the toner resin surface, increasing the overall adhesion. 

Comparing PDMS/HMDS- and HMDS-modified silica particles, a lower phase shift of up to 70° has been observed for the PDMS/HMDS silicas, and for the HMDS silicas a higher phase shift of up to 90° has been found. Differences in phase shift values indicate the impact of surface modification on the local hardness of the silica particles. PDMS modification leads to a softer, polymer-like grafting, whereas pure HMDS modification oidy increases the hydrophobicity by a hard monolayer formation of trimethylsiloxy groups. HMDS-treated silicas seemed to show a weaker interaction with the toner resin surfaces. In contrast, PDMS/HMDS-treated silicas show stronger adhesion to the toner resin surfeces, so they can easily be imaged at high resolution. 

Chem. Desalp. Ethyl methacrylate CAS 97-63-2 EINECS/ELINCS 202-597-5 Uses Base material for paint, leather, paper, and textile industries poly-merization/copolymerization in bulk, emulsion, and sol n. dental compds. adhesives floor care prods. oil additives toner resins Properties APHA 5 max. clear liq. ester-like odor sol. 0.77% water in ester, 0.4% ester in water (20 C) m.w. 114.1 sp.gr. 0.912 vise. 0.63 mPa s (20 C) vapor pressure 21.3 mbar (20 C) b.p. 118.8 C solid, pt. < -75 C flash pt. 17.5 C ref. index 1.415 99.5% min. purity 0.04% max. acid 0.02% max. water... 

Storage Heat-sensitive refrigerate protect from iight Uses Vise, controi agent chemicai intermediates acryiic acid comonomer prod, of poiymers and copoiymers base materiai for paint, ieather, paper, and textiies dentai compds. adhesives floor care prods. oii additives toner resins food pkg. 

B.P. Livengood, B.W. Baird, and G.P. Marshall, Reactive compatibilization of polymeric components such as siloxane polymers with toner resins, US Patent 6544710, assigned to Lexmark International, Inc. (Lexington, KY), April 8,2003. 

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