Poly PCTFE

Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE) Butadiene-maleic acid copolymer (BMC)... 

Figure 13.1. (a) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE). (b) Polytetrafluoreoethylene (PTFE). (c) Poly(vinyl fluoride), (d) Poly(vinylidene fluoride)... 

Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy is being used increasingly to study catalytic reactions. In order for such studies to be possible, all contact betv een the sample solutions and the metal part of the cell body has to be avoided because of possible catalytic effects. All materials in contact vith the sample solution have to be chemically inert and nonmetallic quartz, glass, PTFE, Vespel (polyimide polymer, Dupont de Nemours), PCTFE (poly-chlorotrifluoroethylene), Viton seals, etc. 

The processability of fluorine-containing polymers is improved by replacement of one or more of the fluorine atoms. Replacing one of the eight fluorine atoms with a trifluoromethyl group gives a product called FEP or Viton, actually a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene (Equation 6.53). Polytrifluoromonochloroethylene (PCTFE, Kel F) (Equation 6.54), in which one fluorine atom has been replaced by a chlorine atom, has a less regular structure and is thus more easily processed. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF, Kynar) (Equation 6.55) is also more easily processable but less resistant to solvents and corrosives. 

The fluoropolymer family consists of polymers produced from alkenes in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by fluorine. The most important members of this family are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (XLVII), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) (XLVIII), poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF) (XLIX), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) (L) copolymers of... 

The other major springboard for the fluorocarbon chemical industry was the "Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. This required the large-scale production of highly corrosive elemental fluorine and uranium(VI) fluoride for the separation of the radioactive 235U isotope. Oils capable of resisting these materials were needed to lubricate pumps and compressors, and polymers were needed to provide seals. Peril uorinated alkanes and polymers such as PTFE and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE) proved to have the appropriate properties so practical processes had to be developed for production in the quantities required. In 1947 much of this work was declassified and was published in an extensive series of papers3 which described the fundamental chemistry on which the commercial development of various fluoro-organic products, especially fine chemicals, was subsequently based. 

Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE) is produced on a modest scale as a melt-process-able, chemically resistant material, but is much less important than PVDF. The monomer is manufactured by the dechlorination of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113) using zinc metal. 

In the case of the electron poor alkenes, results were more varied. Under all conditions examined, reactions with methyl vinyl ketone, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and 4-vinyl pyridine afforded products with IR spectra equivalent to those obtained without the addition of the alkene (side reaction). In the cases of vinyl bromide and chloromethyl styrene, unreacted PCTFE was recovered unchanged. It is speculated that electron transfer to the alkene proceeded in each case. While the product of vinyl bromide reduction was not observed, perhaps because of volatility, one could isolate poly(chloromethylstyrene) in the latter case. 

Poly (chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE) Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) resin Fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) resin... 

MC MDI MEKP MF MMA MPEG MPF NBR NDI NR OPET OPP OSA PA PAEK PAI PAN PB PBAN PBI PBN PBS PBT PC PCD PCT PCTFE PE PEC PEG PEI PEK PEN PES PET PF PFA PI PIBI PMDI PMMA PMP PO PP PPA PPC PPO PPS PPSU Methyl cellulose Methylene diphenylene diisocyanate Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide Melamine formaldehyde Methyl methacrylate Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether Melamine-phenol-formaldehyde Nitrile butyl rubber Naphthalene diisocyanate Natural rubber Oriented polyethylene terephthalate Oriented polypropylene Olefin-modified styrene-acrylonitrile Polyamide Poly(aryl ether-ketone) Poly(amide-imide) Polyacrylonitrile Polybutylene Poly(butadiene-acrylonitrile) Polybenzimidazole Polybutylene naphthalate Poly(butadiene-styrene) Poly(butylene terephthalate) Polycarbonate Polycarbodiimide Poly(cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly(ethylene glycol) Poly(ether-imide) Poly(ether-ketone) Polyethylene naphthalate Polyether sulfone Polyethylene terephthalate Phenol-formaldehyde copolymer Perfluoroalkoxy resin Polyimide Poly(isobutylene), Butyl rubber Polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methylpentene) Polyolefins Polypropylene Polyphthalamide Chlorinated polypropylene Poly(phenylene oxide) Poly(phenylene sulfide) Poly(phenylene sulfone)... 

PB PBI PBMA PBO PBT(H) PBTP PC PCHMA PCTFE PDAP PDMS PE PEHD PELD PEMD PEC PEEK PEG PEI PEK PEN PEO PES PET PF PI PIB PMA PMMA PMI PMP POB POM PP PPE PPP PPPE PPQ PPS PPSU PS PSU PTFE PTMT PU PUR Poly(n.butylene) Poly(benzimidazole) Poly(n.butyl methacrylate) Poly(benzoxazole) Poly(benzthiazole) Poly(butylene glycol terephthalate) Polycarbonate Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) Poly(chloro-trifluoro ethylene) Poly(diallyl phthalate) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Polyethylene High density polyethylene Low density polyethylene Medium density polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly-ether-ether ketone poly(ethylene glycol) Poly-ether-imide Poly-ether ketone Poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly-ether sulfone Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methacryl imide) Poly(methylpentene) Poly(hydroxy-benzoate) Polyoxymethylene = polyacetal = polyformaldehyde Polypropylene Poly (2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether) = Poly(phenylene oxide) Polyp araphenylene Poly(2,6-diphenyl-l,4-phenylene ether) Poly(phenyl quinoxaline) Polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfide Polyphenylene sulfone Polystyrene Polysulfone Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) Polyurethane Polyurethane rubber... 

McCarthy and co-workers Q9) have modified poly(chlorotrifluoro-ethylene) (PCTFE) and could estimate the modification depth using XPS and UV-Visible. First PCTFE is modified within the XPS sampling depth... 

Chlorine-containing Polymers. Polymers containing one chlorine atom in various environments (other sustituents) were studied by XPS poly(vinyl chloride) PVC, poly(chlorotrifluoro-ethylene) PCTFE, an (ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) copolymer, and poly(epichlorohydrine) PEPI, were chosen because besides carbon atoms they contain chlorine in presence of hydrogen, fluorine, and oxygen atoms. The valence band spectra of these compounds (see Figure 9) show that features can be easily and unambiguously assigned to a contribution from the chlorine molecular orbitals. 

Note ETFE, copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene ECTFE, copolymer of ethylene chlo-rotrifluoroethylene PFA, copolymer of perfluoropropylvinylether and tetrafluoroethylene PVDF, poly(vinylidene fluoride) PCTFE, poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene). 

Very little work has been reported on the effects of irradiation of PCTFE. One source claims that the resistance of PCTFE to ionizing radiation is superior to that of other fluoropolymers [42], Another work reports that poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) degrades when exposed to ionizing radiation in a similar fashion as PTFE at ambient... 

Daikin Industries DuPont Fluoroproducts Note PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene CTFE, chlorotriflua oethylene EFEP, per-fluorinated copolymer of ethylene and propylene ETFE, copolymer of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene PFPE, perfluorinated polyether EClFE, copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene HIE, ter-polymer of hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and ethylene MFA, copolymer of perfluoromethyMnylether and tetrafluoroethylene PEA, copolymer of perfluoropropylvinylether and tetrafluoroethylene FEP, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer PVDF, poly(vinylidene fluoride) THV, terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroprqjylene, and vinyUdene fluoride PCTFE, poly(chlorotriflua oethylene). 

Surface tension studies of the most common fluorosilicone, poly(3,3,3-trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) (PTFPMS), give unexpected results. Compared with (PDMS), PTFPMS has a higher liquid surface tension, a similar critical surface tension of wetting, and a considerably lower solid surface tension, as determined by water and methylene iodide contact angles and the method of Owens and Wendt (67). These results are summarized in Table X (7, 67, 72-74, 76, 77), in which PTFPMS is compared with two other fluorocarbon polymers, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE). PTFE behaves like PTFPMS, whereas PCTFE behaves like PDMS. 

Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE) is also smoothly carbonizable by electrolysis in aprotic media [72-75]. The carbonization is slower for crystalline PCTFE as compared to amorphous polymer [76], and for a polymer pretreated with y-photons [73]. The structure of carbonized PCTFE was investigated in less detail compared to that of ex-PTFE carbons. 

The amalgam carbonization of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE) is even more facile as compared to that of PTFE (Table 4.2) [10], which is due to the presence of a labile C-Cl bond. The yields and conjugation lengths of polyyne from PCTFE are significantly smaller [48]. 

An early alternative to PTFE was poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE), which was invented in 1941 by W. T. Miller at Cornell University (Scheme 4.4). In contrast with PTFE, this material can be extruded at 250-300 °C. Depending on molecular mass PCTFE has applications as a thermoplastic or a lubricant. 

Scheme 4.4 Synthesis of poly(chloro-trifluoroethylene) (PCTFE).

PCTFE poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) TBDMS tert-butyldimethylsilyl protecting... 

---