Poly epichlorohydrin

CH—CH2—O, can be produced by the chlorination of acrolein, the high-temperature chlorination of propylene, or directly from allyl chloride  

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Poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide-co-allyl glycidyl ether) [26587-37-1... 

Epichlorohydrin Elastomers without AGE. ECH homopolymer, polyepichlorohydrin [24969-06-0] (1), and ECH—EO copolymer, poly(epichlorohydrin- (9-ethylene oxide) [24969-10-6] (2), are linear and amorphous. Because it is unsymmetrical, ECH monomer can polymerize in the head-to-head, tail-to-tail, or head-to-tail fashion. The commercial polymer is 97—99% head-to-tail, and has been shown to be stereorandom and atactic (15—17). Only low degrees of crystallinity are present in commercial ECH homopolymers the amorphous product is preferred. 

AGE-Gontaining Elastomers. ECH—AGE, poly(epichlorohydrin-fo-allyl glycidyl ether) [24969-09-3] (3), ECH—EO—AGE, poly(epichlorohydrin- (9-ethylene oxide-i (9-allyl glycidyl ether) [26587-37-1] (4), ECH—PO—AGE, and PO—AGE are also amorphous polymers. 

Figure 1. Conversion versus time for substitution by tetrabutylammonium benzoate on poly(epichlorohydrin) (A, A, separate runs) poly[(2-chloroethyl)-oxirane] (O) poly[(3-chloropropyl)oxirane] (V) and poly[(4-chlorobutyl)-oxirane] ( ). (Reproduced with permission from ref. 1. Copyright 1982 Wiley.)...

Poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) and poly(2,6 - dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) containing pendant mesogenic units separated form the main chain through spacers of zero to ten methylene units were synthesized and characterized in order to test the "spacer concept." Both polymers were modified by phase transfer catalyzed esterifications of the chloromethyl groups (PECH) or the bromobenzyl groups (brominated PPO) with potassium co -(4-oxybiphenyl) alkanoates and potassium u-(4-methoxy-4-oxybiphenyl)-alk.an oates. While PPO required ten methylene units as a spacer and 4,4 -methoxybiphenyl as mesogen to present thermotropic liquid crystalline mesomorphism,... 

In order to determine the necessity and/or the length of the spacer that is required to achieve liquid crystalline behavior from flexible vs. rigid polymers, we have introduced mesogenic units to the backbones of a rigid [poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)] and a flexible [poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH)] polymer through spacers of from 0 to 10 methylene groups via polymer analogous reactions. 

Widespread chlorine-containing polymers would include, 1) stable molding material for practical use such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride and poly(epichlorohydrin)(PECH) and, 2) reactive polymers capable to introduce additional functional groups via their active chlorines such as chloromethyl polystyrene, poly (3-chloroethyl vinyl-ether) and poly (vinyl chloroacetate). While the latter, especially the chloromethyl polystyrene, has been widely used recently for the synthesis of variety of functional polymers, we should like to talk in this article about the chemical modification of the former, mainly of PVC and PECH, which was developed in our laboratory. 

Many other crosslinking reactions are used in commercial applications. A variety of halogen-containing elastomers are crosslinked by heating with a basic oxide (e.g., MgO or ZnO) and a primary diamine [Labana, 1986 Schmiegel, 1979]. This includes poly(epichlorohydrin) (Sec. 7-2b-6) various co- and terpolymers of fluorinated monomers such as vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene, perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether), and tetrafluoroethylene (Sec. 6-8e) and terpolymers of alkyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (Sec. 6-8e). 

The density of the hydroxyfunctional hyperbranched polyesters is 1.295 g cm" and pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) measurements show that the thermal expansion and compressibility are slightly lower compared to polar linear polymers, such as PVC, poly(e-caprolactone), and poly(epichlorohydrine). ... 

The PEO salt complexes are generally prepared by direct interaction in solution for soluble systems or by immersion method, soaking the network cross-linked PEO in the appropriate salt solution [52-57]. Besides PEO, poly(propylene)oxide, poly(ethylene)suceinate, poly(epichlorohydrin), and polyethylene imine) have also been explored as base polymers for solid electrolytes [58]. Polyethylene imine) (PEI) is prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyloxazoline. Solid solutions of PEI and Nal are obtained by dissolving both in acetonitrile (80 °C) followed by cooling to room temperature and solvent evaporation in vacuo. Polyethyleneimine-NaCF3S03 complexes have also been explored [59],... 

Poly(vinylcarbazole), of course, is the polymer that is generally utilized in electrophotographic imaging processes such as xerography, but the polymer is not totally satisfactory from a mechanical viewpoint (Section 1.11.2.1.1). Better strength, flexibility, ozone resistance and adhesive properties were said to result by utilizing a modified poly(epichlorohydrin)... 

ELASTOMERS,SYNTHETIC - POLYETHERS] (Vol 8) Poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) [24969- 10-6]... 

VC/Polyepichlorohydrin and VC/Poly (epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) Graft Copolymers. Graft copolymers of this type with high backbone-polymer content should be useful PVC additives. 

VC/Polyepichlorohydrin and VC/Poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) Graft Copolymers. Alloys of PVC and graft copolymers of this type with high backbone-polymer content give interesting results in the field of bottle blowing (12). The combination of transparency and impact strength that can be realized with these compositions should enable them to penetrate into the field covered at present by PVC-MBS mixtures. 

Figure 2 shows a d.c. recorder retracing of a typical set of dry air/saturated vapor cycling responses of the optical waveguide coated with the polymer, poly-epichlorohydrin (PEH) and exposed cyclically to benzene vapors. Aside from the clearly detected electrical signals above the dry air baseline reference, their amplitudes appear to show apparent reversibility over the four exposure cycles indicated in the figure. Also, the rise time and decay of these signals are rather symmetric and indicate a film response time of less than one minute. 

LPEI was also used to prepare interpolymers with poly(epichlorohydrin) for membrane applications [23]. 

Chlorine-containing Polymers. Polymers containing one chlorine atom in various environments (other sustituents) were studied by XPS poly(vinyl chloride) PVC, poly(chlorotrifluoro-ethylene) PCTFE, an (ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) copolymer, and poly(epichlorohydrine) PEPI, were chosen because besides carbon atoms they contain chlorine in presence of hydrogen, fluorine, and oxygen atoms. The valence band spectra of these compounds (see Figure 9) show that features can be easily and unambiguously assigned to a contribution from the chlorine molecular orbitals. 

The sensitivity of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, to x-rays is enhanced by the addition of poly(epichlorohydrin). The two polymers are miscible as shown by thermal analysis and by optical clarity of blends. 

Poly(epichlorohydrin), CO rubber (Hydrin), was chosen for various reasons. The one reason was that CO has been shown to be miscible with PMMA by Anderson based upon differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) which showed only one glass transition temperature (T ) for the blend (9). Since T is very sensitive to the disruption of the local structure that results when two polymers are mixed, the existence of a single glass transition temperature is a good indicator of miscibility (10). 

A pyrogram for poly(epichlorohydrin), CAS 24969-06-0, with M = 700,000 is shown in Figure 9.1.18. The pyrolysis was done similarly to other examples previously discussed, at 600° C in He at a heating rate of 20° C/m. The separation was done on a Carbowax column (see Table 4.2.2). The peak identification was done using MS spectral library searches and the results are given in Table 9.1.13. 

Glycidyl azide polymer is produced in a two-step process. First, epi-chlorohydrin in the presence of bortriflouride is polymerized into poly-epichlorohydrin. Using dimethylformamide as a solvent, the polymer is then processed with sodium azide at high temperature. Nearly all the inorganic components as well as the solvent are removed, leaving the raw final product free of low molecular weight compounds. 

De Paoli and coworkers7 have used the more soluble poly(o-methoxyaniline) doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid to prepare a composite blend with poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide), but conductivities were relatively low (10-3 S cm-1) even with a high 50% (w/w) conducting polymer loading. 

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