Poly composites with polyethylene

Han MS, Lee YK, Lee HS, Yun CH, Kim WN. Electrical, morphological and rheological properties of carbon nanotube composites with polyethylene and poly(phenylene sulhde) by melt mixing. Chem Eng Sci 2009 64(22) 4649-56. 

For composites with polymerization-modified filler it is typical that the physico-mechanical characteristics should increase symbatically with the quantity of polymer which becomes attached to the filler in the polymerization process. This effect has been observed for polyethylene [293, 321], poly(vinyl chloride) coats [316], and in [336, 337] for kaolin coated with poly(vinyl acetate) and introduced into the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. 

Using this novel solution-based method, we have been able to incorporate [C6H5CH2NH3][H2P04], BADP (77), an SHG-active material, into polymeric hosts such as poly(acrylamide) (PAA) and polyethylene oxide) (PEO) to produce transparent, colourless, low scattering SHG-active composites with excellent temporal stability. 

The 7Li MAS-NMR spectrum of a mesoporous silica (BBA-15) composite with LiC104/poly(ethylene oxide) showed the existence of three types of Li+ coordination.15 111 and 7Li NMR spectra were used to characterise the new solid polymer (PEG)xLiC104, where PEG = polyethylene glycol.16... 

Extrusion-Applied Insulations. The polymers used in extrusion applications can be divided into two classes low-temperature applications and high-temperature applications. Polymers in the first category are poly(vinyl chloride), polyethylene, polypropylene, and their copolymers along with other elastomers. Polymers in the second category are mainly halocarbons such as Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene (which requires special extrusion or application conditions), fluoroethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP), perf luoroalkoxy-modified polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA), poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) (borderline temperature of 135 °C), and poly(ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene). Extrusion conditions for wire and cable insulations have to be tailored to resin composition, conductor size, and need for cross-linking of the insulating layer. 

To date, PHAs have been applied extensively for food packaging applications. Poly(3HB-3HV] shows suitable gas barrier properties to enable its application in beverage bottles. In addition PHA lattices can be used to coat paper and cardboard used in paper milk cartons [82]. Currently, drink cartons are often coated with polyethylene and/or aluminium foils to improve the barrier properties. As the resulting composite material is hard to recycle, PHA-coated cartons offer an interesting alternative. 

The acid-base Nafion composite membranes include blends of Nafion with polypyrrole (PPy) [98-104], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [105-107], poly (propyleneoxide) (PPO) [108, 109], polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) [110], poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [111-115], sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde (sPF) [116], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) [117-122], poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) [123], poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) [124] polyanifine (PANI) [125-128], polyethylene (PE) [129], poly(ethylene-terephtalate) [130], sulfated p-cyclodextrin (sCD) [131], sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) [132-135], sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (sPAEK) [136], poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) [137], poly(vinylimidazole) (PVl) [138], poly(vinyl pyridine) (PVPy) [139], poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [140-142], poly(fluorinated ethylene-propylene) [143], sulfonated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (sPOSS) [144], poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) [145, 146], polyrotaxanes (PR) [147], purple membrane [148], sulfonated polystyrene (PSSA) [149, 150], polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-bpolystyrene (SEES) [151], poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulphonic acid-co-l,6-hexanediol propoxylate diacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) (AMPS) [152], and chitosan [31]. A binary PVA/chitosan [153] and a ternary Nafion composite with PVA, polyimide (PI) and 8-trimethoxy silylpropyl glycerin ether-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (TSPS) has also been reported [154]. 

PHA blends with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are interesting materials whose miscibility depends on the composition and the PVA tacticity [178]. PHB is claimed to be miscible with polyethylene glycol [179] and with poly D-lactide [180] its miscibility with polyethylene oxide depends on the blend composition [181]. Immiscible, but well-compatible blends of PHB, were prepared with poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) and poly(butylene succinate-co-caprolactone) [182]. 

Of particular relevance, is the ability to include a barrier polymeric layer such as poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol) [EVOH] within layers of polyethylene. Such a combination provides composites with good barriers to both moisture and oxygen while maintaining a transparent appearance. 

As discussed in Section 10.2.3, PVP and DNA have been used to wrap and water-solublize SWNTs. For specific actuator, electrical and electro-optic applications, SWNTs have been wrapped by piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride and trifluor-oethylene copolymer [50] or with conjugated polymers [51, 52]. The conjugated polymer used to form a composite with MWNTs and an electron-transport layer in light-emitting diodes is poly(m-phenylene-vinylene-co-2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylene-vinylene) (PmPV) [53]. Wrapping coupled with electron doping has been achieved with polyethylene imine to form p-n junction devices ([40], see footnote 1). 

FeCls-impregnated films of poly(vinylacetate) (PVA) are cast in polyethylene Petri dishes from solutions containing PVA (750 mg) and anhydrous FeCls (250 mg, i.e. 1.54 mmol) in 20 mL THF. The films are first dried under vacuum in a desiccator. The cast films are then dried at 60 °C in vacuum for 48 h. The FeCls-impregnated films are then dipped into aqueous solutions of pyrrole (5.8 mmol, 20 mL) and kept immersed in the solution for times ranging from 0.5 to 24h. The films are then withdrawn, washed and soaked in pure water (renewed several times), for a period of 72 h to remove xmreacted FeCls. The composite films thus obtained are then dried under vacuum at 60 °C for 72 h. Complete polymerization yields a composite with about 6.5% PPy by weight. 

Li Z M, Xu X B, Lu A, Shen K Z, Huang R and Yang M B (2004) Carbon black/poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyethylene composite with electrically conductive in situ microfiber network, Carhon 42 428-432. 

Dai K, Xu X B and Li Z M (2007) Electrically conductive carbon black (CB) filled in situ microfibrillar poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polyethylene (PE) composite with a selective CB distribution, Polymer 48 849-859. 

Blends of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) with polyethylene-co-propylene-co-diene have been characterised by SEC with UV and refractive index detectors, which allowed for the determination of average blend composition as a function of elution volume, and by precipitation LC, which allowed for complete separation of the blend components [112]. 

The processability of the P3ATs implies that it is possible to obtain a wide variety of polymer blends or composites with conventional technology polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(ethylene vinyl... 

The above definitions have been suggested by Karger-Kocsis and Fakirov [13] and they will be followed strictly in the current text. This means that the commercially available and widely cited [17-20] as SPC type of materials based on the homopolymer polypropylene (PP) (as reinforcement) and the random copolymer of PP [usually with polyethylene (PE)] (as a matrix) do not belong to SPCs because the two components are chemically different, i.e., such composites belong to the category of polymer-polymer composites. The same holds for thermoplastic polyester copolymers reinforced with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) or with liquid crystalline polyester. Details about these PPCs can be foimd in the review by Matabolaet al. [17] as well as in a very recent review of Karger-Kocsis and Barany [20]. 

---