Film impregnation

The electrode material also may be manipulated to achieve more specific or more reliably controlled performance. Specific catalysts for desired reactions may be incorporated into the electrode material or bound to the surface of the electrode. A present example is the coating of a carbon or other inert electrode with a polymer film impregnated with a mercuric salt. The resulting electrode is catalytic for reduction of metals, such as Pb2+, that are soluble in mercury. This is an area of research that could pay off through qualitative improvements in accuracy, precision, and response time. 

Current collectors in Ni/MH batteries are usually made of nickel foam, passivated by a NiOOH layer at the positive side. Separators are usually microporous plastic films impregnated with liquid electrolyte. It is, therefore, necessary that the active masses be insoluble, or at least sparingly soluble, in order to avoid mixing of components via diffusion through the separator, thus leading to self-discharge. 

Matsuo, T., Nakamura. H., Nakao, T., Kawazu, M. Optical second harmonic generation from ultrathin polymer films impregnated with ruthenium polypyridine complexes. Chem. Lett. 2363-2366 (1992)... 

Built-in scavenger systems consisting of films impregnated with chemically reactive additives are also being developed for ethylene and other compounds that affect spoilage of products. E-I-A Warenhandels GmbH of Vieima, Austria, offers a master batch additive system which absorbs ethylene, as well as other undesirable... 

Hoffman, K. L., Han, I. Y, and Dawson, P. L. 2000. Antimicrobial effects of com zein films impregnated with nisin, lauric acid, and EDTA. Journal of Food Protection, 64 885-889. 

Plasticized, it produces a film highly impermeable to water and water vapor. Chlorinated rubber is chiefly used in the production of heat- and chemical-resistant paints, varnishes, and lacquers. Films, impregnating solutions, adhesives, and (with the addition of plasticizers) molding powders can also be made. 

Lamination with barrier materials, like polymer films, metallic films, impregnated paper. 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVQ films impregnated with 20wt% of FeCls are cast on a platinum foil (1 cm ) from a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution containing PVC M 70000) and FeCls in appropriate proportions. PVC/ PPy blends with thicknesses of 20 and 100 pm are obtained by exposure of... 

An alternative to release of antimicrobial agents could be the use of a surface that is inherently antimicrobial. Such a system could be applicable to liquid foods (especially if agitated) and those with intimate contact with the package surface. One such system is available in Japan (Louis, 1990 Hirata, 1992) and consists of a plastic film impregnated with silver-bonded zeolite particles. As the microorganisms contact the zeolite, they take up the silver, which kills them. A 1% silver zeolite in polyethylene has been evaluated in a model system by Hirata (1992) who found that the microbial count on the surface could be reduced from up to 10 cells/ml to less than 10 cells/ml in 24 hours. This system appears to have considerable promise. 

V. Mano and his coworkers studied the conductivity, thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of PVC/polypyrrole blends. The blends were prepared by oxidative chemical polymerization of pyrrole in the vapor phase in PVC films impregnated with FeCl3. l.R. reflectance spectra snggested that the polymerization occnrred preferentially on the matrix snrface prodncing sandwich type structures. DMA studies suggested a certain degree of miscibility among the polymeric components of the blends (88. Mano et al., 1996). 

Film impregnation, in contrast, differs from the solution impregnation process in the way the resin is introduced. The process of film impregnation is depicted in Fig. 6.4. In a first step, the resin is turned into a film pre-... 

Prepreg semi-finished product manufacture by film impregnation. 

Vimala K, et al. Fabrication of porous chitosan films impregnated with silver nanoparticles A facile approach for superior emtibacteried application. CoUoids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2010 76(l) 248-58. 

Giovino C, Ayensu I, Tetteh J, Boateng JS. Development and characterisation of chitosan films impregnated with insuhn loaded PEG-b-PLA nanoparticles (NPs) a potential approach for buccal delivery of macromolecules. Int J Pharm. 2012 428(1-2) 143-51. 

Expanded PTFE film impregnated vrith cyanate ester or epoxy resin This material has no glass cloth reinforcement. The resulting increase in in-plane CTE reduces the out-of-plane expansion, allowing the rehable use of plated holes. Although the non-PTFE resin... 

The first patents for these resins appeared in 1904. The first P/F adhesive appeared in 1929 and comprised cellulosic film impregnated with a spirit-soluble resole... 

The electrical conductivity of polyacetylene/ PE composites, prepared by polymerization of acetylene in low density PE films impregnated with a Ti(OBu)y EtjAl Ziegler-Natta catalyst, increased with higher polyacetylene content [61]. An ultimate conductivity of 10 S cm" was obtained with a percolation threshold of just 2%. 

Facilitated diffusion was studied in immobilized liquid membranes using a system composed of a micro-porous nitrocellulose film impregnated with tri- -octylamine (TOA) in n-decane (Kalachev et al., 1992). 

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