Active composite

Surface Active Composition for Conditioning a Gas Containing Entrained Asphaltenes... 

M. S. Felix. A surface active composition containing an acetal or ketal adduct. Patent WO 9600253, 1996. 

A. L. Mendoza. Surface active composition for conditioning a gas containing entrained asphaltenes. Patent GB 2279964,1995. 

In order to derive activity-composition relationships for ThMgAl206 in clinopyroxene, Landwehr et al. (2001) used a mixing-on-sites model assuming complete short-range order between M and T sites. The activity of ThMgAl206 in clinopyroxene is thus given by ... 

Rzaev, Z. M. et al. Third All-Union Conf. on Biologically Active Compositions of Silicon, Germanium and Tin Compounds, Abstr., p. 63, Irkutsk 1980... 

Besides the conductive additive, TEG may sometimes be a very effective catalyst support, for example, in the catalytic active composite with conducting polymers for the new air-metal batteries, which we proposed [6],... 

Crosslinked co-polymers of 4-allyloxystyrene can be obtained by the addition of small amounts of divinylethers, di-functional alkoxystyrene monomers or propeny-loxystyrene monomers, such as (2) or (3), in the cationically active composition. The polymers obtained from these mixtures by cationic polymerization are insoluble in organic solvents and generally exhibit good mechanical and adhesive properties. 

Horita J, Wesolowski DJ, Cole DR (1993a) The activity-composition relationship of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in aqueous salt solution 1. Vapor-liquid water equilibration of single salt solutions for 50 to 100°C. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57 2797-2817... 

It can easily be deduced from equations 3.147 and 3.148 that the activity-composition relationships for the two components are symmetric in the compositional field (see also figure 3.9C). 

Bostrom D. and Rosen E. (1988). Determination of activity-composition in (Ni,Mg)2Si04 solid solution at 1200-1600 K by solid state emf measurements. Acta Chim. Scand., A42 149-155. 

Ganguly (1973). Activity-composition relation of jadeite in omphacite pyroxenes Theoretical deductions. Earth Planet. Set Letters, 19 145-153. 

Ghiorso M. S. (1984). Activity/composition relation in the ternary feldspars. Contrib. Mineral Petrol, 87 282-296. 

Hensen B. I, Schmid R., and Wood B. J. (1975). Activity-composition relationship for pyrope-grossular garnet. Contrib. Mineral Petrol, 54 161-166. 

Horita X, Wesolowski D. X, and Cole D. R. (1993a). The activity-composition relationship of... 

Koziol A. M. (1990). Activity-composition relationship of binary Ca-Fe and Ca-Mn garnets determined by reversed, displaced equilibrium experiments. Amer. Mineral, 75 319-327. 

Masse D. R, Rosen E., and Muan A. (1966). Activity composition relations in Co2Si04-Fe2Si04 solid solution at 1180°C. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 49 328-329. 

Seifert S. and O Neill H.St. C. (1987). Experimental determination of activity-composition relations in Ni2Si04-Mg2Si04 and Co2Si04-Mg2Si04 olivine solid solutions at 1200 K and 0.1 MPa and 1573 K and 0.5 GPa. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51 97-104. 

Will T. M. and Powell R. (1992). Activity-composition relationships in multicomponent amphi-boles An application of Darken s quadratic formalism. Amer. Mineral, 77 954-966. 

Richter F.M. (1993) A model for determining activity-composition relations using chemical diffusion in silicate melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 2019-2032. 

G.E.H.M. Dijkman, J. de Vries, A. Lodding, J. Arends, Long-term fluoride release of visible light-activated composites in vitro A correlation with in situ demineralization data, Caries Res. 27 (1993) 117-123. 

In the rough experimental space the distance between discrete levels of the experimental variables is relatively large. After testing three - four catalyst generations different Data Processing methods, such as general statistical approaches or Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), can be applied to determine the contribution of each variable into the overall performance or establish the Activity - Composition Relationship (ACR). 

As emerges from Figures 1 all variables have six concentration levels, i.e. the total number of combinations in this experimental space is 1296. The activity of samples above 89 % conversion is shown by a white color, while that of below 50 % is shown by black. The maximum value of conversion is shown by a cross. The analysis of these holograms shows the following activity composition relationship ... 

Refinement, i.e., establishment of the activity - composition relationship by using ANNs as an information mining tool ... 

The synthesis of optically active polyamides, or nylons, is a growing area of interest. From 1980 to 1991 there have been many citations in Chemical Abstracts on this subject. For example, optically active polyamides have been prepared for the resolution of optical isomers. The polyamides are prepared from optically active amines or dicarboxylic acids. One polyamide was prepared from (-)-(ram-l,2-diaminocyclohexane and terephthaloyl chloride and was used to resolve 2,2 -dihydroxy-6,6 -dimethylbiphenyl [31]. These optically active polyamides can be used in chromatography applications to resolve other optically active compositions. 

This schema will be generally true for the ocean but will certainly be less true for smaller basins where there is a greater dependence on local factors of supply and their fluctuation as a function of time. Since P-T conditions are relatively constant in most sedimentary environments, these sediment aqueous solution systems will be represented by activity-activity or activity-composition or simply composition diagrams when equilibrium is attained between a solution of constant composition and silicates. 

The phase map shown in Figure IB represents the skin permeation enhancement activity of the formulations containing binary mixtures of lauryl sarcosinate and sorbitan monolaurate at different concentrations and compositions. The region of maximum activity lies in a very narrow range of compositions. For such a nonlinear activity-composition behavior, it is very important to probe the binary phase map at as fine a resolution as possible, thus increasing the experimentation volume. 

Combinatorial methods were also applied in the discovery of new catalysts for the low-temperature oxidation213 and oxidative dehydrogenation of propane.214 A 144-member catalyst library was screened by photothermal deflection spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to find the most active compositions of V-Al-Nb and Cr-Al-Nb oxides for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane.215 The ternary combination V(45)-Sn(45)-Mo(10)-O selected by laser-induced fluorescence imaging gave much higher yield than did V205 in the selective oxidation of naphthalene to naphthoquinone.216... 

Catalytic test reactions (n-hexane cracking) prove that partially crystallized biphasic ZSM-5 containing silicate materials are catalytically active composites. The activity of the prepared biphasic silicates is related to the crystalline fraction in the pellets. 

Dark Stability. The examples cited have demonstrated that dye sensitized photopolymerization is potentially rapid in solution, but that substantial speed losses result when polymeric binder compositions are used in an imaging fashion. Our work has shown that TBBS activated compositions sensitized by MB can exhibit absolute photospeeds to red light that are comparable to those of commerical photopolymer systems that are sensitive only to ultraviolet wavelengths (65). These systems can offer features not now available in UV-only sensitive systems. The major failure of all such systems, however, is a pronounced lack of stability on dark storage for the lengths of time required by industry standards. 

These last few decade the development of composites has boomed enormously because our technical progress and the demand for a constantly improving standard of living have created the need for new materials and because our increasing environmental awareness has led to a lot of criticism on the mining of oil-based fuels and on certain industrial activities. Composites satisfy our requirements for a number of reasons ... 

The guest crystals are aligned within the polymer matrix, using a thermal gradient technique, a method which produces transparent, non-scattering, flexible, SHG-active composites, with excellent temporal stability. 

Preparation of SHG-Active Composites. We have developed a new technique, including the construction of a device, which has made it possible to grow crystals of 3-nitroaniline (mNA), in a matrix of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) in an aligned fashion, to produce transparent, SHG-active composites (33). This approach is based upon the Temperature... 

Characterization of SHG-Active Composites. The alignment of the guest crystals within the polymer matrix is the dominating factor in terms of eliminating light scattering from a composite. This is clearly illustrated in Figure 2, which show... 

Composites from Solution A Superior Class of SHG-Active Composites... 

Preparation of SHG-Active Composites. A thermal gradient apparatus was utilized to grow aligned crystals from solution (rather than from melt, as described above), by drawing the sample from the cold side (below a temperature at which the solvent evaporates at a significant rate) towards the hot end. 

Using this novel solution-based method, we have been able to incorporate [C6H5CH2NH3][H2P04], BADP (77), an SHG-active material, into polymeric hosts such as poly(acrylamide) (PAA) and polyethylene oxide) (PEO) to produce transparent, colourless, low scattering SHG-active composites with excellent temporal stability. 

Structural and compositional characterization of individual elements of a combinatorial library can be important for the initial validation of a particular combinatorial synthesis method. Many earlier reports on combinatorial synthesis and screening of electrocatalysts fall short of reporting the complete structural and compositional characterization of individual library elements of interest. The workflow described here includes catalyst characterization before and after screening, thereby establishing an activity-composition-structure-stability relationship for electrocatalysts. This can be relevant in light of the extreme conditions present in a conventional fuel cell environment. 

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