Poly vinyl pyridine

Cellulose Esters Epoxy Resins Lignins Polystyrene Poly (2-vinyl pyridine) Polyvinyl Chloride Polymethyl methacrylate Polyphenylene Oxide Phenolics Polycarbonate Polyvinyl Acetate, etc. Polyvinyl butyral SBR rubber, etc., etc. 

Cationic, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic Chitosan, poly-2-vinyl pyridine 0.3-1.0 M salt/buffer, pH 2-7 with the addition of methanol for more hydrophobic polymers... 

A commercially available cationic standard that can be used for the calibration of CATSEC columns is poly(2-vinyl pyridine), or PVP. Cationic PVP can be characterized easily on CATSEC columns over a broad range of molecular weight. DRI chromatograms of two cationic PVP standards using a bank of CATSEC columns (100-, 300-, 1000-, and 4000-A pore size) and a mobile phase of 0.05 N NaNOi/0.1% TFA are shown in Fig. 20.10. 

TABLE 20.10 SEC-MALLS Data for Cationic Poly(2-vinyl pyridine) Standards Using MALLS and CATSEC Columns°... 

Many synthetic water-soluble polymers are easily analyzed by GPC. These include polyacrylamide,130 sodium poly(styrenesulfonate),131 and poly (2-vinyl pyridine).132 An important issue in aqueous GPC of synthetic polymers is the effect of solvent conditions on hydrodynamic volume and therefore retention. Ion inclusion and ion exclusion effects may also be important. In one interesting case, samples of polyacrylamide in which the amide side chain was partially hydrolyzed to generate a random copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide exhibited pH-dependent GPC fractionation.130 At a pH so low that the side chain would be expected to be protonated, hydrolyzed samples eluted later than untreated samples, perhaps suggesting intramolecular hydrogen bonding. At neutral pH, the hydrolyzed samples eluted earlier than untreated samples, an effect that was ascribed to enlargement... 

A systematic comparative study of triblock terpolymers in the bulk and thin-film state was carried out on polystyrene-fo-poly(2-vinyl pyridine)-b-poly(ferf-bulyl methacrylate), PS-fr-P2VP-fr-PfBMA. A diblock precursor with a minority of PS leading to a double gyroid structure was used. Upon increase of PfBMA content this morphology changed from lamellae with... 

Three approaches have been tested, as already described above for inorganic supports. The first attempts concern the direct reaction of transition metal carbonyls with unmodified organic polymers like poly-2-vinyl-pyridine.61 62 However, this kind of anchoring is restricted to only a few complexes. Various polymers have been functionalized with donor groups 63-72 ligand displacement reactions using these afforded the corresponding immobilized complexes. Finally, tests with modified complexes and unmodified polymers are scarce because of the low stability of these complexes under the conditions of reactions. 

Lithium iodide is the electrolyte in a number of specialist batteries, especially in implanted cardiac pacemakers. In this battery the anode is made of lithium metal. A conducting polymer of iodine and poly-2-vinyl pyridine (P2VP) is employed as cathode because iodine itself is not a good enough electronic conductor (Fig. 2.3a). The cell is fabricated by placing the Li anode in contact with the polyvinyl pyridine-iodine polymer. The lithium, being a reactive metal, immediately combines with the iodine in the polymer to form a thin layer of lithium iodide, Lil, which acts as the electrolyte ... 

Large dissolution power for many polymers from the non polar polydienes up to polar poly(vinyl chloride) or poly(2-vinyl pyridine)... 

Using reflectometry, Barten etal. [259] have investigated adsorption of quater-nized poly-2-vinyl pyridine, of a fixed charge per monomer, on a gold electrode. The total adsorbed amount of the compound decreased linearly with the double-layer potential of gold. Adsorption proceeded up to a relatively high doublelayer potential and was accompanied by a relatively high contribution of nonelectro-static interactions. 

Investigation of template poly condensation kinetics has only been studied within a very narrow scope. Polymerization of dimethyl tartrate with hexamethylene diamine was found to be enhanced by using as a template poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(2-vinyl pyridine), or polysaccharides and poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(4-vinyl pyridine). In this case, the template can be treated as a catalyst. No information exists on the influence of the template on the order of reaction. The increase in molecular weight of the polymerization product by the template can be induced by a shift of equilibrium or by an increase in the reaction rate. A similar increase in the reaction rate was observed when poly(4-vi-nyl pyridine) was used in the synthesis of poly(terephtalamides) activated by triphenyl phosphite.The authors suggested that a high molecular weight template was involved in the increase of the local concentration of the substrate (terephthalic acid) by adsorption and activation via N-phosphonium salt of poly(4- vinyl pyridine). 

TABLE 2 DETERMINATION OF NUMBER AVERAGE BY BENZYL PICOLYL MAGNESIUM IN MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF BENZENE. POLY(2-VINYL PYRIDINE) INITIATED... 

TABLE 5s DETERMINATION OF POLY(2-VINYL PYRIDINE) TACTICITY FROM 13C NMR (RING CARBON C2) AT 62.86 MHz. 

Au NPs have been synthesized in polymeric micelles composed of amphiphilic block copolymers. Poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) in toluene has been used as nanocompartments loaded with a defined amount of HAuCl4 and reduced with anhydrous hydrazine. The metal ions can be reduced in such a way that exactly one Au NP is formed in each micelle, where each particle is of equal size between 1 and 15 nm [113]. In another example, the addition of HAuCfi to the triblock copolymer (PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO) (polystyrene-block-poly-2-vinyl pyridine-block-polyethylene oxide) permits the synthesis of Au N Ps using two different routes, such as the reduction of AuC14 by electron irradiation during observation or by addition of an excess of aqueous NaBH4 solution [114]. 

Section II, 4a. Optical activity and O.K.D. of (+)-tartaric acid salts of poly-2-vinyl pyridine having different stereoregularity have been determined the optical rotation between 578 m/r and 365 mfi of the salt of atactic poly-2-vinyl-pyridine is lower than that of the salt of the isotactic poly-vinyl-pyridine [R. C. Schulz and J. Schwaab Makromol. Chem. 85, 297 (1965)]. 

S50V5078 Polystyrene- fock-poly(2-vinyl pyridine)... 

The experimental studies on phase behavior and pattern formation reviewed here have been done on substrate-supported films of cylinder-forming polystyrene- foc -polybutadiene diblock (SB) [36, 43, 51, 111-114] and triblock (SBS) [49, 62, 115-117] copolymers (Table 1), lamella-forming polystyrene- /ocfc-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) diblock copolymers (SV) [118, 119] and ABC block terpolymers of various compositions [53, 63, 120-131], In simulation studies, a spring and bid model of ABA Gaussian chains has been used (see Sect. 2) [36,42, 58, 59],... 

Figure 13.6 Film cast from a 1 2 mixture of poly(styrene-co-butadiene) and poly(2-vinyl pyridine-co-butadiene) with about 15 mol% butadiene content (10 wt% solution of the copolymers in tetrahydrofuran). Dark areas, poly(styrene-co-butadiene) light areas, poly (2-vinyl pyridine-co-butadiene) [15]. Courtesy of Dr A. Schindler...

The preparation of poly(2-vinyl-pyridine), by radical or anionic polymerization of the corresponding monomer, has been described long time ago. Atactic or isotactic, partially crystallizable polymers may be obtained 30). Poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) may be prepared in a similar way 31). 

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