Poland

Organic Industry Institute Annopol 6 03-236 Warsaw, Poland Phone +48 22 811 1231 Fax +48 22 811 0791 

Source Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution 2005 for SO, and NO, data (accessed via http.7/webdab.emep.int/) World Bank 2005 for GDP data. 

Yanaihara from the laboratory of Klaus Hofinann (p. 267) in Pittsburgh. Yajima, as professor at the School of Pharmacy at the University of Kyoto, led a major research group and is the author of an impressive number of publications on the synthesis of peptide hormones. With Nobutaka Fujii as sole coworker he reported the synthesis of the enzyme ribonuclease A (124 residues), secured in crystalhne form. The laboratory of professors C. and N. Yanaihara at the University of Shizuoka, is an important center of studies of the immuno-properties of peptides. 

In the late sixties Teruaki Mukaiyama of the University of Tokyo, with his associates, R. Matsueda, H. Maruyama, M. Ueki and others, introduced a surprisingly novel method for the formation of the peptide bond, the oxidation-reduction condensation procedure in which the high affinity of trivalent phosphorus (triphenylphosphine) for oxygen is the driving force (p. 98). For a possible acyloxyphosphonium intermediate cf the related coupling device of Mitin and Vlasov on p. 247. 

In Fukuoka, professor Nobuo Izumiya and his numerous associates dedicated their efforts to the chemistry of cyclic peptides. They achieved considerable success in the preparation (e.g. with H. Aoyagi) and study of analogs of gramicidin S (cf p. 205). 

Eisuke Munekata, who was an associate of Theoder Wieland in Germany in the nineteen seventies (synthesis of phalloin, p. 219) now professor at the University of Tsukuba, is actively engaged in the study of neuropeptides. 

Contributions from industrial laboratories are not less significant. For instance the work of Masumi Itoh on the prevention of racemization in coupling originates from the research laboratory of the Fugisawa company in Osaka. Masahiko Fujino of Takeda Chemical Industries, established the fundamental principles for the design of superactive LHRH analogs. 

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C. Dybiec - Inst, of Precision Mechanics. A. Kozlowska - Daewoo-FSO. Poland. 

R. Pryde New Developments in Non-Destructive Testing of Hoisting Ropes.-Mine Hoisting 96, International Scientific and Technical Conf, 8-10 Oct. 1996, Gliwice, Poland, in 2 vol., vol. 2, pp. 22-24. 

Theory of helix-coil transitions in biopolymers. (Poland, D., Scheraga, H.A., eds) Academic Press, New York (1970)... 

Department of Biophysics, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0365, USA... 

Poland, D. Cooperative equilibria in physical biochemistry. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1978. 

The fusion of hydrogen into helium provides the energy of the hydrogen bomb. The helium content of the atmosphere is about 1 part in 200,000. While it is present in various radioactive minerals as a decay product, the bulk of the Free World s supply is obtained from wells in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The only known helium extraction plants, outside the United States, in 1984 were in Eastern Europe (Poland), the USSR, and a few in India. 

Poland, native country of Mme. Curie) Polonium, also called Radium F, was the first element discovered by Mme. Curie in 1898 while seeking the cause of radioactivity of pitchblend from Joachimsthal, Bohemia. The electroscope showed it separating with bismuth. 

Sangsila, S. Labinaz, G. Poland, J. S. et al. An Experiment on Sequential Simplex Optimization of an Atomic Absorption Analysis Procedure, /. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 351-353. 

M. S. Khan, Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (Metalj Nonmetal Microsystems Physics, Technology, and Applications Proceedings of the Workshop, Polanica Zdroj, Poland, Sept. 11—14, 1995, 2780, 56—59 (1996). 

As of October 1989 in thousands of tons. Includes Mexico, USSR, and Poland. 

Joint venture, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical and Tongyoung Nylon Plants are beheved to be located in the USSR and Poland. 

ZaMady Azotowe, Kedzierzyn, Poland 100 2-ethylhexanol propjiene... 

Eastern Europe. Production of acetylene in Eastern Europe is dominated by the capacity of states of the former Soviet Union. In 1990, production from Eastern Europe amounted to between 530,000 and 535, 000 t/yr, with 51% provided by the states of the former Soviet Union. Of the balance, Poland with 23% and Rumania with 17% are the main producers. Table 15 indicates the capacity levels of each of the countries of Eastern Europe. 

Poland s deposits tend to be located primarily in the west as isolated, lens-shaped deposits. There are other deposits in the center of the country at Turow, Konin /Goslawice/Patnow, Turek/Adomow, and Rogo2no. The production is used in power plants. 

Poland Polski Komitet Normalizacji Miar i Jakosci, Ul. Elektoraina 2, 00-139 Warszawa. 

A process variation of the extraction of 2-isopropylnaphthalene hydroperoxide from the cmde oxidation product with an alkylene glycol has been patented (71). The 2-naphthalenol plant of American Cyanamid, which was using the hydroperoxidation process and had a 14 x 10 t /yr capacity (72), ceased production in 1982, leaving the United States without a domestic producer of 2-naphthol. The 2-naphthol capacity in the Western world is approximately 50 x 10 t/yr, with ACNA, Italy and Hoechst AG, Germany operating the largest plants. China produces about 7 x 10 t/yr. Other important producing countries are Poland, Romania, the former Czechoslovakia, and India (35,52). 

T. Urbanski, ed., Nitro Compounds Proceedings of an International Symposium, Warsaw, Poland, 1963, Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, U.K., 1964. 

Caraway Oil. Produced by steam distiUation of the cmshed ripe seeds of Carum carvi L., caraway oil finds extensive use in food flavors, alcohoHc Hqueurs, and cheeses. The smaU herb, which grows wild in many regions of the world, is extensively cultivated in the Netherlands, Poland, Denmark, and parts of the former USSR. The Netherlands is the largest producer of the oil, which is offered commercially in two grades cmde or natural, and double-rectified or redistiUed. The former is the direct distiUate obtained from the fmits and is a pale yeUow-to-brownish mobile Hquid with a strong... 

Bulgaria, Czech RepubHc, Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia 500... 

Countries not covered systematically include Argentina, AustraUa, Austria, Brazil, the former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Einland, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. In addition, patents from some of the systematically covered countries may have been indexed in eadier years. 

As shown in Table 4, the 1992 world consumption of petroleum was neatly 10.4 X 10 m /d (65.4 x 10 bbl/d) (8), which is sbghdy higher, at 3.6%, than in 1978. In most of the regions shown in Table 4, consumption and production levels are not in balance. The one exception is the group of non-OECD European countries, ie, the former Soviet Union, the former C2echoSlovakia, Hungary, Poland, and other former Eastern Bloc countries, where production was neatly in balance with consumption at about 19% above consumption in 1992. 

Includes the former Soviet Union, the former C2echoSlovakia, Hungary, Poland, and other former Eastern Bloc countries. 

J. Lehmaim and co- Ring-Opening), Warsaw-Jablorma, Poland, June 23-25, 1975, p. 141. 

The CAS registry Hsts 5,037 aluminum-containing compounds exclusive of alloys and intermetaUics. Some of these are Hsted in Table 1. Except for nepheline and alunite in the USSR and Poland, bauxite is the raw material for all manufactured aluminum compounds. The term bauxite is used for ores that contain economically recoverable quantities of the aluminum hydroxide mineral gibbsite or the oxide—hydroxide forms boehmite and diaspore. 

J. Szatkowski, E. Placzek-Popko, B. Bieg, A. Hajdusianek, and S. Kuzmiuski, 17th International Seminar on Suface Phjsics, Kudowa, Poland, 1995. 

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