Analysis atomic absorption

Atomic absorption using either flame or electrothermal atomization is widely used for the analysis of trace metals in a variety of sample matrices. Using the atomic absorption analysis for zinc as an example, procedures have been developed for its determination in samples as diverse as water and wastewater, air, blood, urine, muscle... 

Hobbins reported the following calibration data for the flame atomic absorption analysis for phosphorus. ... 

Sangsila, S. Labinaz, G. Poland, J. S. et al. An Experiment on Sequential Simplex Optimization of an Atomic Absorption Analysis Procedure, /. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 351-353. 

Hardness can also be calculated by summation of the individually deterrnined alkaline earths by means of atomic absorption analysis. Basic samples must be acidified, and lanthanum chloride must be added to minimise interferences from phosphate, sulfate, and aluminum. An ion-selective electrode that utilizes ahquid ion exchanger is also available for hardness measurement however, this electrode is susceptible to interferences from other dissolved metal ions. 

What is the most meaningful way to express the controllable or independent variables For example, should current density and time be taken as the experimental variables, or are time and the product of current density and time the real variables affecting response Judicious selection of the independent variables often reduces or eliminates interactions between variables, thereby leading to a simpler experiment and analysis. Also inter-relationships among variables need be recognized. For example, in an atomic absorption analysis, there are four possible variables air-flow rate, fuel-flow rate, gas-flow rate, and air/fuel ratio, but there are really only two independent variables. 

ANALYSIS OF THE SIGNAL FORMATION IN DOUBLE STAGE ELECTRO-THERMAL ATOMIZER FOR ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS... 

The process of signal formation in the double stage electro thermal atomizers for atomic absorption analysis significantly differs from the signal formation in the classic electro thermal atomizer. As this process determines efficiency of the application of the method it is necessary to have the understanding of the details of that process and the effect of the design pai ameters of the atomizer on the efficiency of analysis. 

Pupyshev A. A. Practical course on atomic absorption analysis (Practicheskyi kurs atomno-absorbsionnogo analiza). Ekateringburg GOU VPO USTU-UPI, 2003. 441 pp. (In Russian)... 

DIRECT ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF SILICA BASED MATERIALS AND SOME OF ITS PECULIARITIES... 

A. Varma, Handbook of Atomic Absorption Analysis, (2 volumes), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1984. ISBN 084932985X, 0849329868. 

Tetra-alkyl lead compounds in air Personal monitoring with atomic absorption analysis or electrothermal atomization or X-ray fluorescence spectrometry or on-site colorimetry 9... 

Known concentrations of Sn solutions were spiked Into acid digested samples of Ps. 244 which had been exposed to 10 ppm solutions of Bu Sn (x = 0,1,2,3). Atomic absorption analysis of these samples allowed for the calculation of the amount of tin accumulated on the cell by the method of multiple additions Q6). 

Aqueous standard solutions are a source of certain difficulties In electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry of trace metals In biological fluids The viscosities and surface tensions of aqueous standard solutions are substantially less than the viscosities and surface tensions of serum, blood and other proteln-contalnlng fluids These factors Introduce volumetric disparities In pipetting of standard solutions and body fluids, and also cause differences In penetration of these liquids Into porous graphite tubes or rods Preliminary treatment of porous graphite with xylene may help to minimize the differences of liquid penetration (53,67) A more satisfactory solution of this problem Is preparation of standards In aqueous solutions of metal-free dextran (50-60 g/llter), as first proposed by Pekarek et al ( ) for the standardization of serum chromium analyses This practice has been used successfully by the present author for standardization of analyses of serum nickel The standard solutions which are prepared In aqueous dextran resemble serum In regard to viscosity and surface tension Introduction of dextran-contalnlng standard solutions Is an Important contribution to electrothermal atomic absorption analysis of trace metals In body fluids. 

Sarbeck, J. R. and Landgraf, W. C. "Automated Peak Discrimination and Integration for Nonflame Atomic Absorption Analysis at Nanogram Levels". J. Pharm. Scl (1974), 63, 929-930. 

Next, reductive amination (step 4 in scheme 1) was exchanged with copper catalyzed palladium coupling (step 2 in scheme 1). Atomic absorption analysis for palladium in RWJ-26240 samples prepared by scheme 2 indicated that the level of palladium was reduced to an acceptable level. This improvement may be due to the two reduction steps subsequent to the use of palladium in scheme 2.177 The final major modification to the reaction scheme was the substitution of NaBH4 for NaBH3CN. The yield of product (60%) was determined by HPLC (Method 2). Reductive alkylation with formalin/NaBH4 afforded a pharmaceutically acceptable drug substance. 

An inscribed thick plate of brass attributed to the landing, in 1579, of Francis Drake on the coast of California, is retained in safekeeping at the University of California, Berkeley. Since its discovery, in the San Francisco Bay area in 1936, however, there have been doubts about the authenticity of the plate, although an early chemical study had apparently confirmed its authenticity. Regardless of this initial study, doubts about the origin of the plate persisted, and a new study, based on the composition of the brass as determined by neutron activation, X-rays fluorescence, and atomic absorption analysis was initiated to reevaluate the earlier authentication of the plate. The results of this study were then compared with the composition typical of brass from Drake s time as well as from modem brass, and it was then concluded that the plate was probably made during the latter part of the nineteenth century or the early years of the twentieth century (Hedges 1979). 

The chemiluminescence technique has been used to determine trivalent chromium in seawater. Chang et al. [187] showed Luminol techniques for determination of chromium (III) were hampered by a salt interference, mainly due to magnesium ions. Elimination of this interference is achieved by seawater dilution and utilising bromide ion chemiluminescence signal enhancement (Fig. 5.7). The chemiluminescence results were comparable with those obtained by a graphite furnace flameless atomic absorption analysis for the total chromium present in samples. The detection limit is 3.3 x 10 9 mol/1 (0.2 ppb) for seawater with a salinity of 35%, with 0.5 M bromide enhancement. 

Graphite furnace for atomic absorption analysis and typical output signal. 

Salts, in addition to causing the soil to be basic, can have deleterious effects on analytical procedures. For example, significant error can occur if a potassium-selective electrode is used to determine potassium in a high-sodium soil (see Chapter 9). As discussed in Chapter 14, other salts could cause inaccurate results when atomic absorption analysis of a soil extract is carried out. 

Experiment 29 Quantitative Flame Atomic Absorption Analysis of a Prepared Sample... 

Experiment 33 The Atomic Absorption Analysis of Water Samples for Iron Using the Standard Additions Method... 

Table IV. Atomic Absorption Analysis of Antimony in the Copper Deposit. (9)...

Several methods have been used to determine the number and position of metal atoms affixed to the protein surface. The number of metal atoms is commonly determined by atomic absorption analysis [16] or by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission analysis [15]. Under favorable circumstances, the metal ratios in modified derivatives can be determined by UV-vis... 

The ASTM-EFA standard method of analyzing lead In gasoline requires extraction of alkyl lead Iodide complexes Into methyllsobutylketone and a subsequent flame atomic absorption analysis of the extract A more direct method has been proposed ( ) which uses Zeeman atomic absorption analysis after sample dilution. Both methods were used to analyze a set of five field collected samples. The results showed a bias (average difference between method results) of 0.0012 g/gal with the standard flame results higher. The correlation coefficient between the results was 0.9998 0.0009, and a pairwise t-test showed no difference between the methods (6). 

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