Poland, associations

Evaporite Basin Sulfur Deposits. Elemental sulfur occurs in another type of subsurface deposit similar to the salt-dome stmctures in that the sulfur is associated with anhydrite or gypsum. The deposits are sedimentary, however, and occur in huge evaporite basins. It is befleved that the sulfur in these deposits, like that in the Gulf Coast salt domes, was derived by hydrocarbon reduction of the sulfate material and assisted by anaerobic bacteria. The sulfur deposits in Italy (Sicily), Poland, Iraq, the CIS, and the United States (western Texas) are included in this category. 

The great evaporite basin deposits of elemental sulfur in Poland were discovered only in 1953 but have since had a dramatic impact on the economy of that country which, by 1985, was one of the world s leading producers (p. 649). The sulfur occurs in association with secondary limestone, gypsum and anhydrite, and is believed Ui be derived from hydrocarbon reduction of sulfates assisted 1 bacterial action. The H2S so formed is consumed by other bacteria to produce sulfur as waste — this accumulates in the bodies of the bacteria until death, when the sulfur remains. 

Marie and Irene Curie, and their husbands, Pierre Curie and Frederic Joliot. Marie Curie (1867-1934) was born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland, then a part of the Russian empire. In 1891 she emigrated to Paris to study at the Sorbonne, where she met and married a French physicist, Pierre Curie (1859-1906). The Curies were associates of Henri Becquerel, the man who discovered that uranium salts are radioactive. They showed that thorium, like uranium, is radioactive and that the amount of radiation emitted is directly proportional to the amount of uranium or thorium in the sample. 

Three years after introduction of aspirin into therapy, Hirschberg in Poznan, now in Poland, described the first case of a transient, acute angioedema/urticaria, occurring shortly after ingestion of aspirin. Reports of anaphylactic reactions to aspirin soon followed. The other major type of adverse reaction, acute bronchospasm, was described in the second decade of the 20th century. In 1920, Van der Veer reported the first death due to aspirin. The association of aspirin sensitivity, asthma and nasal polyps was first recorded by Widal in 1922. This clinical entity, later named the aspirin triad was popularized in 1968 by Samter and Beers [3], who presented a... 

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the convention n° 9.4593.92 from the Belgian National Science Foundation (FNRS =Fonds National de la Recherche Scientific and of its associated Foundation (FRFC = Fonds de la Recherche Fondamentale et Collective). One of us (L.P.) acknowledges also the support by the BST-439/23/93 project of the Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Poland. D.H.M. thanks the Belgian Ministry of Science (SPPS) for financial support. 

Certain structural features have been identified as being associated with high degrees of toxicity, AHH induction and receptor binding for the dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds (Poland and Knutson 1982). These are as follows ... 

Lucjan Strekowski was born in Poland. In 1967 he obtained an MS degree in polymer chemistry with distinction from the Mendeleev Institute of Chemistry, Moscow, former USSR, and in 1971 a Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry from the Institute of Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. In 1972 he was appointed assistant professor and in 1976 promoted to associate professor (Docent) at the Institute of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland. After several stints as visiting scientist at the University of Kansas, USA, the University of Florida, USA, and the Australian National University, in 1984 he accepted the position of assistant professor at the Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, where he was promoted to associate professor in 1989, and then to professor in 1996. Professor Strekowski has published more than 250 research papers, directed 16 Ph.D. dissertations, and trained more than 40 postdoctoral research associates in the areas of heterocyclic, bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. 

It was pointed out by Poland and Knutson that some molecular structural features seem to be associated with high levels of both toxicity and receptor binding [70]. These include planarity and rectangular shape, halogenation at a minimum of three of the four lateral positions (2, 3, 7, and 8), but at least one unsubstituted ring position. Activity increases from fluorine to bromine. 

Liu X, Caggiula AR, Yee SK, Nobuta H, Poland RE, Pechnick RN (2006) Reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior by drag-associated stimuli after extinction in rats. Psychopharmacology 184 417 25... 

Polonium - the atomic number is 84 and the chemical symbol is Po. This radioactive metal was also known as radium-F. The name derives from Poland , the native country of Marie Sklodowska Curie. It was discovered by Pierre and Marie Curie in 1898, from its radioactivity. It was independently found by the German chemist Willy Marckwald in 1902 and called radiotellurium. The longest half-life associated with this unstable element is 102 year ° Po. 

As mentioned previously (see p. 237), the 1,2,3-benzotriazinones function as masked diazonium compounds, and the so-called Pologenowe dyes developed in Poland are operated on this principle and have been in use there since 1959. There are three major advantages associated with the use of 1,2,3-benzotriazinones as azo-dye equivalents (1) The equilibrium that theoretically exists between the heterocyclic system and the diazonium compound normally lies completely to the side of the cyclic compound. Opening of the heterocyclic ring can be easily accomplished thermally, and hence dye formation can be induced by heat treatment processes. (2) Many 1,2,3-benzotriazinones are reasonably water soluble and the sodium salts even more so consequently, complete permeation of fabric fibres by the dye precursors immediately prior to generation of the dye can be ensured. (3) The colors produced are fast, and some of them can be made highly water insoluble. ... 

The form of nickel in particles from different industries varies. The mineralogical composition, chemical content, and form of dusts from nine industries in Cracow, Poland, were examined (Rybicka 1989). The chemical form of a particle-associated heavy metal that was assessed by a five-step extraction scheme classified the metal as exchangeable, easily reducible (manganese oxides, partly amorphous iron oxyhydrates and carbonates), moderately reducible (amorphous and poorly crystallized iron oxyhydrates), organically bound or sulfidic, and residual. Dusts from power plants had a silicate characteristic with quartz and mullite predominant. Approximately 90% of the nickel from these... 

Bodzek, D K. Luks-Betlej, and L. Warzecha, Determination of Particle-Associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Air Samples from the Upper Silesia Region of Poland, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 759-764 (1993). 

I am grateful to all my students, postdoctoral fellows and associates from Germany, USA, France, Israel, Italy, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Egypt and India, who studied at my laboratory and contributed to the experimental development of analytical techniques in inorganic mass spectrometry during my scientific career at the Research Centre Jiilich. I am indebted to many scientists worldwide for numerous fruitful discussions accelerating analytical progress in mass spectrometry in the last decade. 

Figure 3.23. Starch-gel electrophoresis of whole milk samples in urea and mercaptoethanol. Letters on the bottom half of the photograph refer to the genetic types of the milk proteins. (Photograph courtesy Dr. W. Michalak, Warsaw, Poland). (From Thompson 1970. Reprinted with permission of the American Dairy Science Association.)...

Land releases of radium are related to atmospheric fallout of coal fly ash (see Section 5.2.1). For example, elevated radium-226 concentrations in snow have been detected near a coal-fired power plant in Poland (Jaworowski et al. 1971). Other land releases may include the disposal of coal fly ash, lime slurry derived from water softening processes, and uranium mine tailings and associated wind-blown dusts. However, no information was located on the total amount of land-released radium... 

He is the author and co-author of over 40 papers (including book chapters). Now, he is an associated professor at the University of L6dz, Poland. His main areas of scientific interest are the chemistry of furans, the chemistry of ferrocenes, as well as the chemistry of organophosphorus compounds. He is also interested in medicinal chemistry of anticancer drugs. 

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