Professionalization Poland

Public advertising of all pharmaceuticals in Poland was forbidden by the Pharmacy Act issued in October 1991 (Scrip 1991). However, advertising of some pharmaceutical products in the professional medical press only has been in practice for the last 6 years. 

Despite its complexity, nearly 60 years after it was developed, the method is still alive. For example, in the United States the method is taught at several universities, and a number of private companies offer Synectic services and various professional courses. The method is also taught in Europe and in Asia. For example, in at the National University of Kowhsiung in Taiwan, Dr. Po-Jen Shih teaches the method as part of his innovative and popular course on inventive engineering. In Europe, Dr. Sebastian Koziolek also teaches the method in Poland as a part of his unique course on inventive... 

Michal Ksawery Cyrailski was born in Warsaw, Poland (1970). In 1994 received his M.Sc. degree and in 1999 his Ph.D. degree, both at the Chemistry Department of Warsaw University. In 1997 he was a holder of the Foundation for Polish Science grant in 1998 he received the distinction of the Kemula Reward (by the Polish Chemical Society) and in 1999 the Kolos Reward for the best Ph.D. work (by the Department of Chemistry of Warsaw University). In 1998-2000 he was a secretary of the Executive Committee of the Polish Chemical Society (elected). His main scientific interests are the structural chemistry of small organic compounds, crystallochemistry, molecular modeling (ab initio), structural aspects of aromatic character of r-electron systems, and definition of aromaticity. So far, he has published over 30 original papers and 5 reviews and presented 5 lectures and over 30 poster and oral communications. His hobby is classical music, especially by J. S. Bach, and singing in a professional choir. 

Chemistry teachers and managers of chemical processing plants were considered professional chemists. In most cases, they were graduates of medical, pharmaceutical, natural sciences and technical studies however, Polish chemists -working both in the territory of the former Poland and in exile - were perceived in accordance with their formal citizenship as Austrian, German and Russian scholars. 

Dariusz M. Biel inski, DSc, is a professor at the Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology at Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, and is also affiliated with the Division of Elastomers and Rubber Technology at the Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes in Piastow, Poland. He has published many scientific papers, books, and patents, and he is an editorial board member of several professional journals and has worked on many technical program committees. 

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