Pneumonitis hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis usually appears earlier in the course of therapy, and rechallenging these patients results in a more rapid recurrence of greater severity. 

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis a group of respiratory diseases that cause inflammation of the lung (specifically granulomatous cells). Most forms of... 

In type III or immunocomplex-mediated allergy, IgG antibodies form complexes with antigen. At low exposures, the body is able to remove diese complexes, but if there is a severe exposure, immunocomplexes release a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. The involvement of this mechanism is clearest in serum sickness. This mechanism is also considered to be most important in the development of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, especially... 

The health effects of non-infectious bioaerosols include allergy symptoms, asthma symptoms, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (molds, bacteria, animal proteins, toluene diisocyanate, epoxy resins) ... 

CD8 Cell associated Antigen presented by MHC I clonal expansion of CD8 cells Activation of cytotoxic (CD-8) T cells Contact dermatitis (poison ivy) Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis... 

Inflamed limg tissue (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, HP), complete obliteration of a large proportion of the airways (severe BO), and damage to the air sacs (emphysema) will reduce the DLco measurement. 

Test Occupational asthma or work-aggravated asthma Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Emphysema Constrictive BO... 

Substantial numbers (5,000 to 22,000/m )of actlnomycetes, particularly Thermoactlnomyces vulgaris (60), are present in the atmosphere of mills. These organisms are known to be causative agents in other occupational lung diseases (61), specifically several forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 

A worker who had developed cutaneous sensitization also developed apparent asthma from inhalation of nickel sulfate immunologic studies showed circulating antibodies to the salt, and controlled exposure to a solution of nickel sulfate resulted in decreased pulmonary function and progressive dyspnea the possibility of hypersensitivity pneumonitis could not be excluded. ... 

The third condition, late respiratory systemic syndrome, is characterized by cough, mucus production, occasional wheezing, and systemic symptoms of malaise, chills, fever, and aching muscles and joints, occurring 4—12 hours alter exposure. This syndrome also has been termed TMA flu and clinically resembles hypersensitivity pneumonitis with visible chest X-ray infiltrates. High levels of IgG serum antibody and total serum antibody directed against trimellityl-human protein conjugates accompany the syndrome, and a latent period of exposure before the onset of symptoms is typical. 

If a diagnosis of amiodarone-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis is made, discontinue amiodarone and institute steroid treatment. If a diagnosis of amiodarone-induced interstitial/alveolar pneumonitis is made, institute steroid therapy and discontinue amiodarone or, at a minimum, reduce dosage. 

Hypersensitivity Anaphylactoid purpura, anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, myocarditis, pericarditis, polyarthralgia, pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia, systemic lupus erythematous exacerbation, urticaria hypersensitivity syndrome (cutaneous reaction, eosinophilia, and one or more of the following Hepatitis, pneumonitis, nephritis, myocarditis, pericarditis, fever, lymphadenopathy). Muscuioskeietai - ArVr ra g a, arthritis, bone discoloration, joint stiffness and swelling, myalgia, polyarthralgia. 

Orriols, R., Aliaga, J. L., Anto, J. M., Ferrer, A., Hernandez, A., Rodrigo, M. J., and Morell, F. (1997). High prevalence of rustac shell hypersensitivity pneumonitis in nacre factory workers. Eur. Respir. J. 10, 780-786. 

Nitrofurantoin can cause nausea and vomiting, fever, rash, hypersensitivity pneumonitis. When given for long periods of time, nitrofurantoin can cause progressive pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. 

Exposure of the lungs to xenobiotics may result in a number of disease conditions including bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pneumoconiosis, and cancer. During repair, damaged lung alveolar epithelium may be replaced by fibrous tissue that does not allow for gas exchange, which intensifies the damage caused by the initial lesion. 

Potentially fatal pulmonary toxicity (hypersensitivity pneumonitis or interstitial/al-veolar pneumonitis) hepatotoxicity proarrhythmiceffects... 

Bascom R, Kennedy TP, Levitz D, et al. 1985. Specific bronchoalveolar lavage IgG antibody in hypersensitivity pneumonitis from diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Am Rev Respir Dis 131(3) 463-465. 

Sulfasalazine has a high incidence of adverse effects, most of which are attributable to systemic effects of the sulfapyridine molecule. Slow acetylators of sulfapyridine have more frequent and more severe adverse effects than fast acetylators. Up to 40% of patients cannot tolerate therapeutic doses of sulfasalazine. The most common problems are dose-related and include nausea, gastrointestinal upset, headaches, arthralgias, myalgias, bone marrow suppression, and malaise. Hypersensitivity to sulfapyridine (or, rarely, 5-ASA) can result in fever, exfoliative dermatitis, pancreatitis, pneumonitis, hemolytic anemia, pericarditis, or hepatitis. Sulfasalazine has also been associated with oligospermia, which reverses upon discontinuation of the drug. Sulfasalazine impairs folate absorption and processing hence, dietary supplementation with 1 mg/d folic acid is recommended. 

Isocyanate-induced asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis in humans have been reviewed (Baur, 1995 Bernstein, 1996). A case of fatal asthma of a 4,4 -mcthylcncdiphcnyl diisocyanate-scnsitized subject has been described (Carino et al., 1997). Exposure to 4,4 -methylenediphcnyl diisocyanate is a frequent cause of occupational asthma (Liss et al., 1988 Vogelmcicr et al., 1991 Bernstein et al., 1993) but may also induce hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Malo Zeiss, 1982 Vandenplas et al., 1993) and inflammatory upper respiratory tract diseases (Liss et al., 1988 Littorin et al., 1994). Most patients with 4,4 -methylenediphcnyl diisocyanate-induced asthma have elevated levels of IgG-class antibodies towards 4,4 -methylenediphenyl diisocyanate-albumin conjugates in the plasma, while IgE-class antibodies are rare (Liss et al., 1988). 

Baur, X. (1995) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) induced by isocyanates. J. Allergy din. Immunol.. 95, 1004-1010... 

Malo, J.-L. Zeiss, C.R. (1982) Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Am. Rev. respir. Dis., 125, 113-116... 

A 41-year-old man, who had been taking pravastatin for 2 years, developed a hypersensitivity pneumonitis with eosinophilia the symptoms gradually resolved after withdrawal of pravastatin (3). 

Liscoet-Loheac N, Andre N, Couturaud F, Chenu E, Quiot JJ, Leroyer C. Une pneumopathie iatrogenique rapportee a la prise de pravastatine. [Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a patient taking pravastatin.] Rev Mai Respir 2001 18(4 Pt l) 426-8. 

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