Bronchoalveolar lavage

Smith, L.J., Houston, M. and Anderson, J. (1993). Increased levels of glutathione in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with asthma. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 147, 1461-1464. Smith, L.L. (1986). The response of the lung to foreign compounds that produce free radicals. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 48, 681-692. 

Wenzel, S.E., Lauren, G.L., Johnston, K., Voelkel, N.F. and Westcott, J.Y. (1990). Elevated levels of LTC4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from atopic asthmatics after endobronchial allergen challenge. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 142, 112-119. 

BAF Basophil-activating fector BAL Bronchoalveolar lav e BALE Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid BALT Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue... 

Uses quantitative culture of endotracheal aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), or protected specimen brush (PSB). 

For PCP Oxygen saturation on room air, induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage for presence of Pneumocystis jiroveci organisms... 

Bronchoalveolar lavage Washing out of the lungs with saline or mucolytic agents for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. 

Lezcano-Meza D, Negrete-Garcia MC, Dante-Escobedo M, Teran LM. The monocyte-derived chemokine is released in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of steady-state asthmatics. Allergy 2003 58(11) 1125—1130. 

Liu LY, Jarjour NN, Busse WW, Kelly EA. Chemokine receptor expression on human eosinophils from peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after segmental antigen challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 112(3) 556-562. 

Findings from studies of schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis, as well as other models of pulmonary, kidney, and liver fibrosis, strongly support the role of CD4+ Th2 cells in the progression of fibrosis (4). In this regard, analyses of gene and protein expression after stimulation by Thl (vs. Th2) cytokines indicates that IL-4 is found at increased concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of those afflicted with periportal fibrosis (10,53-56). 

Wattiez R et al. Human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein two-dimensional database study of interstitial lung diseases. Electrophoresis 2000 21 2703-2712. Yanagida M et al. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis of proteins detected by anti-phosphotyrosine antibody on two-dimensional-gels of fibrolast cell lysates after tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation. Electrophoresis 2000 21 1890-1898. 

Griese M ci al. Reduced proteolysis of surfactant protein A and changes of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteome by inhaled alpha 1-protease inhibitor in cystic fibrosis. Electrophoresis 2001 22 165-171. 

Wattiez R et al. Human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein two-dimensional database study of interstitial lung diseases. Electrophoresis 2000 21 2703-2712. 

Abdominal washings, ascitic fluids, bronchial washings, bronchoalveolar lavages, colonic washings, duodenal washings, gastric washings, pleural fluids, pericardial fluids, ovarian cyst fluids, synovial fluids, sputa, and urines. 

NiS04 and NiCl2 instilled into rat lungs also produced an inflammatory response (17). However, analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from rodents exposed to diesel exhaust containing 3.5 mg soot/m3, 7 h/day for 2, 12 or 17 days indicated no influx of inflammatory cells (20). Thus, the diesel soot, at lung burdens of 0.5 mg/g lung, does not produce an acute inflammatory response. 

Figure 5. Pulmonary inflammatory response to chronic diesel exhaust exposure as measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The total amount or activity of material removed from the lung has been normalized to the weight of control lungs. Inflammatory response is indicated by influx of neutrophils (PMN). Cytotoxicity is indicated by extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). (Continued on next page.)...

Walker, C. et al., Allergic and nonallergic asthmatics have distinct patterns of T-cell activation and cytokine production in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 146, 109, 1992. 

Ashitani, J., et al., Elevated concentrations of defensins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in diffuse panbronchiolitis, Eur. Respir. J. 11, 1, 104, 1998. 

Merkel, D., et al., Proteomic study of human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by combining surface-enhanced laser desorp-tion/ionization-mass spectrometry profiling with mass spectrometric protein identification, Proteomics. 5, 11, 2972, 2005. 

Henderson, R.F. (1984). Use of bronchoalveolar lavage to detect lung damage. Environ. Health Persp. 56 115-129. 

Henderson, R. (1989). Bronchoalveolar lavage A tool for assessing the health status of the lung. In Concepts in Inhalation Toxicology (McClellan R.O. and Henderson R.F., Eds.). Hemisphere, Washington D.C., pp. 414—442. 

In rats, the administration of fullerene by inhalation, as nano- and microparticles generated by aerosol, does not lead to lesions and only a little increase of protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained (Baker et al., 2007). Recently, Sayes et al. (2007) analyzed in vivo pulmonary toxicity of C60 and C60(OH)24, after intratracheal instillation in rats. They verified only transient inflammatory and cell injury effects, 1 day postexposure, without differences from water-instilled controls. No adverse lung tissue effects were measured, and the results demonstrated little or no differences in lung toxicity effects between the C60 and fiillerols, compared to controls. 

Wall DA, Lanutti AT (1993) High levels of exopeptidase activity are present in rat and canine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Int J Pharm 97 171-181. 

Bratke K, Lommatzsch M, Julius P, Kuepper M, Kleine HD, Luttmann W, Christian Virchow J Dendritic cell subsets in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after segmental allergen challenge. Thorax 2007 62 168-175. 

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