Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

In type III or immunocomplex-mediated allergy, IgG antibodies form complexes with antigen. At low exposures, the body is able to remove diese complexes, but if there is a severe exposure, immunocomplexes release a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. The involvement of this mechanism is clearest in serum sickness. This mechanism is also considered to be most important in the development of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, especially... 

RESPIRATORY SENSITIZER A substance that may cause sensitization on inhalation, causing, e.g., asthma, rhinitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis. 

Baur, X. (1995) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) induced by isocyanates. J. Allergy din. Immunol.. 95, 1004-1010... 

Besides respiratory allergies with hay-fever-like symptoms and asthma in atopic individuals, continuous occupational basidiospore exposure may result in hypersensitivity pneumonitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis. The basidiomycetes Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Merulius lacrymans have all been shown to cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis from occupational exposure [26-28]. Actinomycetes in the compost used to grow button mushroom... 

O Brien IM, Bull J, Creamer B, Sepulveda R, Harries M, Bulge PS, Pepys J Asthma and extrinsic allergic alveolitis due to Merulius lacrymans. Clin Allergy 1978 8 535-542. 

Huuskonen MS, Husman K, Jarvisalo J, Korhonen O, Kotimaa M, KuuselaT, et al Extrinsic allergic alveolitis in the tobacco industry. Br J Ind Med 1984 41 77-83. 

On admission the first clinical presentation consists mainly of edema, which is of sudden onset and localized to the cervico-fadal region [33]. Dyspnoea, tachypnoea and asphyxia with chest pain following acute PPD poisoning have been reported in a number of studies [6] [12] [28]. PPD was proved to be the cause of asthmatic attacks in the sensitive individuals [46]. A case of Goodpasture s syndrome was reported to be induced by exposure to PPD [47]. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis also has been reported [48]. 

Wang GH, Jiang XF, Luo WC. Report of two cases of extrinsic allergic alveolitis and review of the relevant literature. Chung Hua Chich Chih 1994 1 376-8, 384. 

Dietemann-Molard A, Braun JJ, Sohier B, Pauli G. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis secondary to carmine [letter]. Lancet 1991 338 460. 

Selective inhibition of inflammatory cytokines is also an attractive approach. In animal models, antibodies to TNFa prevent lung fibrosis when given prior to injury from silica, bleomycin or antigen-induced extrinsic allergic alveolitis (Piguet etal., 1989, 1990 Denis et al., 1991). This approach may be an option in humans since TNFa antibodies have been used successfully as a therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Elliot etal., 1993). 

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis also has been reported... 

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis Farmer s lung Mouldy hay Micropolyspora faeni... 

Cotes, J.E. and Steel J. (1987). Extrinsic allergic alveolitis. In Work-related Lung Disorders, Blackwells, pp. 320-344. 

Reindeer herding consists of several health risks as far as dermal exposure is concerned. The risks are summarized in Table 1. In previous studies, exposure to moldy lichen has lead to lichen picker s dermatitis (Hannuksela et al. 1981) and even to extrinsic allergic alveolitis (Reijula et al. 1983). Recently, reindeer herders developed ecthyma contagiosum (ie. orf ) on their hands after being in contact with infected animals (Palatsi et al. 1993). 

Organic dusts, such as mouldy hay, when inhaled cause a disease known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis with flu-like symptoms cough and difficulty in breathing occur within a few hours of exposure. Repeated exposure leads to further limg damage and chronic breathlessness. 

Dai H, Guzman J, Chen B, et al. Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Chest 2005 127(1) 251-256. 

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), or extrinsic allergic alveolitis, represents a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from repeated exposure to a variety of organic particles, which provokes, in a susceptible host, an immunologically mediated inflammation of the small airways and lung parenchyma (1). 

Matusiewiez SP, Williamson IJ, Sime PJ, et al. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase. A marker of disease activity in cr)fptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Eur Respir J 1993 6(9) 1282-1286. 

Small JH, Flower CD, Traill ZC, et al. Air-trapping in extrinsic allergic alveolitis on computed tomography. Clin Radiol 1996 51(10) 684—688. 

Drent M, Wagenaar S, Velzen-Blad H, et al. Relationship between plasma cell levels and profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with subacute extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Thorax 1993 48(8) 835-839. 

Uzaslan E, Guzman J, Costabel U. Cockade-like structures in alveolar macrophages in extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Respiration 2005 72(1) 46-51. 

Drent M, van Velzen-Blad H, Diamant M, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in extrinsic allergic alveolitis effect of time elapsed since antigen exposure. Eur Respir J 1993 6(9) 1276-1281. 

Cormier Y, Gagnon L, Berube-Genest F, et al. Sequential bronchoalveolar lavage in experimental extrinsic allergic alveolitis. The influence of cigarette smoking. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988 137(5) 1104-1109. 

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