Plasticizers nonflammable

Properties Thermoplastic, white powder or clear film odorless tasteless. Chlorine content 29-30.5%. Soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons. Softens at 110-120C. Films are highly resistant to moisture, oils, acids, and alkalies but tend to become brittle on exposure to sunlight. The life of such films is greatly extended by the incorporation of suitable stabilizers and plasticizers. Nonflammable, nontoxic. 

Shipment, Storage, and Price. Butynediol, 35% solution, is available in tank cars, tank trailers, and dmms. Stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, glass, and various plastic and epoxy or phenoHc liners have ak been found satisfactory. Rubber hose is suitable for transferring. The solution is nonflammable and freezes at about —5°C. 

Most phosphate esters are made from POCl and used as plasticizers (qv) and nonflammable hydrauHc fluids (qv). 

Reactivity. Bromine is nonflammable but may ignite combustibles, such as dry grass, on contact. Handling bromine in a wet atmosphere, extreme heat, and temperatures low enough to cause bromine to soHdify (—6° C) should be avoided. Bromine should be stored in a cool, dry area away from heat. Materials that should not be permitted to contact bromine include combustibles, Hquid ammonia, aluminum, titanium, mercury, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Bromine attacks some forms of plastics, mbber, and coatings (62). 

A key property associated with chlorinated paraffins, particularly the high chlorine grades, is nonflammability, which has led to their use as fire-retardant additives and plasticizers in a wide range of polymeric materials. The fire-retardant properties are considerably enhanced by the inclusion of antimony trioxide. 

The UL flammability ratings describe the relative ease of ignition and combustibiUty of plastics. Tests include the measurement of flame propagation, time to self-extinguish, melt and drip with and without flame, and oxygen indexes. Some engineering plastics, eg, polyetherimides, are, as ranked by this test, inherently nonflammable. Others can be made nonflammable by compounding with flame retardants (ERs) such as bromine... 

If you re planning to be an engineer, you can be sure that many of the materials you will work with have been synthesized by chemists. Some of these materials are organic (carbon-containing). They could be familiar plastics like polyethylene (Chapter 23) or the more esoteric plastics used in unbreakable windows and nonflammable clothing. Other materials, including metals (Chapter 20) and semiconductors, are inorganic in nature. 

Cellulose ethers of a high degree of substitution are stable, relatively nonflammable, resistant to ultra-violet light and compatible with a wide range of solvents and plasticizers. Certain ethers of a low degree of substitution are soluble in water or alkali. It would appear from these properties that cellulose ethers should be ideally adapted for use in the plastics field and for many other uses. 

Uses. The. motivation for first recovering NBA in the 1920s was its use as a lacquer solvent. That application is even stronger today. The NBA vapors from lacquer drying are nontoxic and virtually nonflammable. Other fast growing uses for NBA are plasticizers and chemical intermediates, mostly for esters and ethers used in water-based coatings and adhesives systems. 

The mam characteristic properties of asbestos fibers that can be exploited in industrial applications arc their thermal, electrical, and sound insulation nonflammability matrix leinfoicement (cement, plastic, and resins) adsorption capacity (filtration, liquid sterilization) wear and friction properties (friction materials) and chemical inertia (except in acids). These properties have led to several main classes of industrial products or applications fire protection and heat or sound insulation,... 

Dust explosions ignited hy static discharge are a recognized hazard encountered in the handling of polytmethyl methacrylate) powders or in the fabrication of polytmethyl methacrylatel plastic sheet. Mclhacrylic solution polymers are treated as flammable mixtures latex polymers arc nonflammable. 

Minor industrial uses include the application of silver iodide as a smoke for the seeding of clouds to induce rainfall. Compounds used for obtaining some nonflammable plastics and cellulose are benzyltriphenyl-phosphoniumiodides and [2,-(acetyloxy)ethyl] triphenyl-phosphoniumiodides (see Flame RETARDANTS, HALOGENATED FLAME retardants) (142). The addition of iodine to an aromatic hydrocarbon such as -butylbenzene results in the formation of charge-transfer complexes that display outstanding effectiveness as lubricants for hard-to-lubricate metals (143), such as titanium or steels (see also LUBRICATION AND LUBRICANTS). Iodine is also used in the production of high purity metals such as titanium, silicon, hafnium, and zirconium (144). 

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning, insulation, and plastic foams. Although nontoxic and nonflammable, they are believed to deplete the ozone layer in the atmosphere which shields the earth from the sun s ultraviolet radiation. While action to control the production and use of CFCs was still being debated, McDonalds s Corporation announced it would no longer use foam food containers produced with the aid of CFC in its fast food outlets. 

The benefits that scC02 offers as a reaction medium have been the object of intense research activity, and it is foreseeable that this field of study will continue to improve. This suggestion is justified by the fact that scC02 demonstrates both favorable physico-chemical properties (tunability of the chemico-physical properties, complete miscibility with permanent gases, plasticizing effect of polymers, inertness to free chain reactions) and positive technical and environmental qualities (naturally occurring and abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic, nonflammable). 

PCBs are mixtures of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Regarding the source of contamination, they can be divided into two main groups intentional (commercial products) and unintentional (by-products of combustion, such as an incinerator trace amounts of PCBs have been reported in agricultural chemicals or chemical products as impurities) (UNEP Chemicals, 2002). PCBs were produced commercially in the United States from 1929 to 1977. Due to their chemical inertness, heat resistance, a high dielectric constant and nonflammable properties, they have been used extensively for a variety of industrial purposes, such as dielectrics in transformers and large capacitors as heat exchange fluids and in plastics (WHO, 1993). 

Uses Chlorodiphenyls are used in combination with chlorinated naphthalenes, which are stable, thermoplastic, nonflammable, and are used in electric cables and wires in the production of electric condensers, additives for extreme pressure lubricants, and as a coating in foundry. Chlorodiphenyls are widely used in the manufacture of herbicides, lacquers, paper, plasticizers, resins, rubbers, textiles, wood preservatives, and electric equipments. 

Aryl phosphates were introduced into commercial use early in the twentieth century for flammable plastics such as cellulose nitrate and later for cellulose acetate.26 In vinyls (plasticized), arylphos-phates are frequently used with phthalate plasticizers. Their principal applications are in wire and cable insulation, connectors, automotive interiors, vinyl moisture barriers, plastic greenhouses, furniture upholstery, and vinyl forms. Triarylphosphates are also used, on a large scale, as flame-retardant hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and lubricant additives. Smaller amounts are used as nonflammable dispersing media for peroxide catalysts. Blends of triarylphosphates and pentabromodiphenyl oxide are extensively used as flame-retardant additives for flexible urethane foams. It has been also... 

Recent development of sorbents include nontoxic and nonflammable materials that can absorb acids, alkalis, hydrocarbons, pesticides, and chlorinated compounds (Plastics World, 1987). These nonreactive sorbents can be placed directly on or around a spill to soak up the liquid. The used sorbent tubes or pillows can then be stored temporarily in heavy-duty spill disposal bags for subsequent treatment and disposal. 

Nalgene (8000) General laboratory use, good flexibility, nonflammable, clear. Not good with organic solvents and most oils, OK with weak acids, but best to avoid strong acids and alkalis, contains plasticizers that can leach out during operations such as distillation. 

---