Combination with chlorine

Other methods iaclude hydrogen reduction of TiCl to TiCl and TiCl2 reduction above the melting poiat of titanium metal with sodium, which presents a container problem plasma reduction, ia which titanium is collected as a powder, and ionized and vaporized titanium combine with chlorine gas to reform TiCl2 on cool-down and aluminum reduction, which reduces TiCl to lower chlorides (19,20). 

Chlor-. of or combined with chlorine, chloro (as Chlorbenzoeadure, chlorobenzoic acid), chloride of (as Chlorzink, zinc chloride), chlorahnlich, a. like chlorine, chlorinous. Chlor-alaun, m. chloralum, -alkalien, n.pl. alkali-metal chlorides, -allyl, n, allyl chloride, -aluminium, n. aluminum chloride, -ammon, m., -ammonium, n. ammonium chloride, -amyl, n, amyl chloride, -antimon, n, antimony chloride, -arsenlk, n. chloride of arsenic, -arsenikldsung, /, (Pkarm.) solution of arsenious add, hydrochloric solution of arsenic, -arsinkampfstoff, m. chlorodi-phenylarsine, adamsite, chlorartig, a. like chlorine, chlorinous,... 

Sodium, chlorina. and sodium chlorida. (a) Sodium, a metallic element that is soft enough to be cut with a knife, (b) Chlorine, a nonmetallic element that is a gas. (c) Sodium chloride, the crystalline chemical compound formed when sodium combines with chlorine. 

F.9 In an experiment, 4.14 g of phosphorus combined with chlorine to produce 27.8 g of a white solid compound. 

The oxidation number of an element in a monatomic ion is the same as its charge. For example, the oxidation number of magnesium is +2 when it is present as Mg2+ ions, and the oxidation number of chlorine is — 1 when it is present as Cl" ions. The oxidation number of the elemental form of an element is 0 so magnesium metal has oxidation number 0 and chlorine in the form of Cl2 molecules also has oxidation number 0. When magnesium combines with chlorine, the oxidation numbers change as follows ... 

Hydrochloric acid in combination with chlorine dioxide can be used as a treatment fluid in water-injection wells that get impaired by the deposition of solid residues [332,333]. The treatment seems to be more effective than the conventional acidizing system when the plugging material contains iron sulfide and bacterial agents because of the strongly oxidative power of chlorine dioxide. Mixtures of chlorine dioxide, lactic acid, and other organic acids [1172,1173] also have been described. 

Iodine is suitable as a carrier in chlorinations since it combines with chlorine to form the reactive iodine monochloride, viz. ... 

With Chlorine.—Hydrogen will combine with chlorine, in accordance with the following chemical equation, to make hydrochloric acid c—... 

Low power ultrasound offers the possibility of enhancing the effects of chlorine. The results of a study of the combined effect of low power ultrasound and chlorination on the bacterial population of raw stream water are shown (Tab. 4.2). Neither chlorination alone nor sonication alone was able to completely destroy the bacteria present. When sonication is combined with chlorination however the biocidal action is significantly improved [10]. The effect can be ascribed partly to the break-up and dispersion of bacterial clumps and floes which render the individual bacteria more susceptible to chemical attack. In addition cavitation induced damage to bacterial cell walls will allow easier penetration of the biocide. 

Chemicals such as chlorine are often used to clean and decontaminate food products and food processing surfaces. The increased effectiveness of ultrasound in combination with chlorine in decontaminating broiler breast skin inoculated -with Salmonella has been investigated [46]. The mechanism suggested involved the release of Salmonella cells from the skin by sonication together with the improved penetration of chlorine into the cells through the action of ultrasound (see above). 

Californian standards by switching three years ago to melamine combined with chlorinated paraffins. Melamine is not a bioaccumulative or persistent material. They are now researching alternatives to chlorinated paraffins, including the use of novel substances, such as expanded graphite. IKEA is conducting this research in isolation in the USA and points out that the cost of new substitution will be high unless other upholstery designers and retailers follow suit. ... 

The same sequence of four vanadium ions can combine with chlorine and fluorine to form related compounds. 

Zirconium s common oxidation state is +4, but when combined with chlorine and other halogens, it can exist in +2 and +3 oxidation states, as follows ... 

The most stable oxidation states of uranium are +4 and +6. For instance uranium can combine with chlorine using both the U" and U ions, as follows ... 

It is worth mentioning that fluorothiocarbonyl isothiocyanate, produced by the reaction of CSFCl with metal thiocyanates (52), combines with chlorine quantitatively at low temperatures at the C=S double bond, without suffering an attack on the isothiocyanate group 21) ... 

Copper combines with chlorine on heating forming copper(ll) chloride. This dissociates into copper(T) chloride and chlorine when heated to elevated temperatures. 

The metal combines with chlorine and other halogens, forming their halides ... 

Molybdenum(lV) oxide combines with chlorine at 300°C to form dioxy-dichloride, M0O2CI2 ... 

In chlor-alkali diaphragm cells, a diaphragm is employed to separate chlorine hberated at the anode from the sodium hydroxide and hydrogen generated at the cathode. Without a diaphragm, the sodium hydroxide formed will combine with chlorine to form sodium hypochlorite and chlorate. In many cells, asbestos diaphragms are used for such separation. Many types of diaphragm cells are available. 

Uranium forms two stable fluorides, UF4 and UFe. When metal is heated with fluorine gas, hexafluoride, UFe, is produced. Heating powdered metal with hydrogen fluoride gas at 350°C yields tetrafluoride, UF4. Powdered metal is obtained by thermal decomposition of trihydride, UH3. Uranium combines with chlorine at elevated temperature (at about 500°C) to form a mixture of various chlorides namely, the tetrachloride, UCI4, pentachloride, UCI5, and hexachloride,UCl6. Heating the metal with bromine vapor at 650°C forms tetrabromide, UBr4. Uranium also forms tri-and pentabromides. With... 

TELLURIUM. TCAS 13494-80-91. Chemical element, symbol Te, at. no. 52. at. wL 127.60, periodic table group 6, mp 450°C, bp 690°C, density 6.24 g/cm3 (crystalline form at 25°C), 6.00 (amorphous farm at 25°C). Elemental tellurium has a hexagonal crystal structure with trigonal symmetry. Tellurium is a silver-white brittle semi-metal, stable in air, and in boiling H2O, insoluble in HC1, but dissolved by HNOj or aqua regia to form telluric acid. The element is dissolved by NaOH solution and combines with chlorine upon heating to form tellurium tetrachloride. 

Acid Chlorides. — Sulphur dioxide combines with chlorine when a mixture of the two gases is exposed to sunlight, or when it is passed over gently heated charcoal. 

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