Plant studies, Japan

FIGURE 6.11. Sulfide production rates in sewers versus wastewater quality characteristics. The results originate from pilot-plant studies (A and B) and field investigations (Cand D) in Japan, Kawasaki town (O) and Oga city ( ). 

Krampitz, G., Engels, J., Hamm, M., Samata, T., Cazaux, C. Biochemical studies on the components of mollusc shells. In The 3rd Internat. Symp. Mechanisms of Biomineralization in the Invertebrates and Plants, Kashikojima, Japan, 8-11 Oct. 1977 Abstr. No. 16... 

Recently, Maruta et al. [112] have found that methanol extracts of roots of burdock show a significant antioxidant activity in an in vitro lipid peroxidation assay, and have isolated five caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (CQAs) from the roots of burdock (Arctium lappa L ), an edible plant in Japan. Antioxidant activities of DCQAs and related compounds have been investigated by measuring the hydroperoxidation of methyl linolate via radical chain reaction. This study indicates that in this particular system caffeic acid and CQAs are more effective than a-tocopherol. These results approximately agree with our findings [38], Additionally, CQAs as the principle antioxidative substance in burdock root have been characterized. 

SiC/SiC composites were considered several years ago in the ARIES-1 ARIES-IV and PROMETHEUS power plant studies in the US and more recently in other international studies. Examples also include the TAURO a self-cooled Pb-17Li blanket (SCLL), whose latest reference design assumes a surface heat flux of 0.5 MW/m, and shows a Pb-17Li outlet temperature of 950 C with an estimated conversion efficiency of -55% the He cooled pebble bed (HCCB) concept—DREAM Veactor study in Japan, with assumed inlet/outlet He coolant temperatures of 600/900°C and a gross thermal efTiciency of -50% and the latest SCLL... 

We have been interested in the toxic constituents of Illicium plants (Illiciaceae), and have reported on the isolation and structural elucidation of a series of sesquiterpenes possessing unique framework from these plants in Japan and China [1], As a continuous work on the chemical studies on the Illicium plants, we investigated the constituents of the bark of non-toxic Illicium difengpi K. I. B. et K. I. M., which was used as antiarthritic agent in China, and those of the fresh fruits of toxic Illicium anisatum L.. This paper deals with the isolation and structural elucidation of five new phenylpropanoid glycosides from the above plants. 

Case study III. Fukuoka SWRO is the largest desalination plant in Japan with a capacity of 50,000 m /d. It was commissioned in 2005—2006. The plant specifications and operating conditions are given in Table 3.5 [53,54]. The plant is of special interest because of its various different design features and performance [59] ... 

Research studies on the aconite alkaloids started at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and aconitine was isolated from Actinidia napellus in 1833. As for the Aconitum plants of Japan, Shimoyama made the first report in 1882, and the plain chemical structure of aconitine was reported in the 1950s [4]. The stereochemistry, including absolute configuration, of the aconitine skeleton was determined when the total synthesis delphinine, an aconitine-related alkaloid, was achieved in 1972 [5-7]. 

Blasticidin S, 1 was isolated fiom Strefttottivces griseocltTomogcnes (1) as part of a major effort CO replace morcury-based compounds for the prevention of Pirit nlti arytue infection of rice plants in Japan (2). This fungus causes rice blast disease, a major rice pathogen in Japan and other parts of Asia. The structure and absolute stereochemistry of blast -cidirt S were determined by chemical degradation (3-6), and confirmed by x-ray diffraction (7,8). This work, as well as preliminary studies of blasticidin S biosynthesis, has been reviewed (9). 

Umeya, K. (1966) Studies on the comparative ecology of bean weevils. I. On the egg distribution and the oviposition behaviors of three species of bean weevils infesting Azuki bean. Res, Bull. Plant Prot. Japan., 3, 1-11. 

Developments Outside Germany. In the late 1930s experimental work in England (29—31) led to the erection of large pilot faciHties for Fischer-Tropsch studies (32). In France, a commercial faciHty near Calais produced ca 150 m (940 bbl) of Hquid hydrocarbons per day. In Japan, two fijH-scale plants were also operated under Ruhrchemie Hcense. Combined capacity was ca 400 m (2500 bbl) of Hquids pet day. 

Municipal incinerators are often targeted as a primary cause of acid rain. In fact, power plants burning fossil fuels, which produce sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, are actually the leading cause of acid rain, along with automotive exhaust (176,177). In Europe and Japan, studies show that only about 0.02% of all acid rain can be traced to incineration of PVC (178). 

Studies carried out in the United States, Russia, and Japan indicate that a combined cycle MHD-steam plant should be able to achieve an overall power station efficiency of at least 60 percent which is about 20 percent more than offered by a conventional steam plant. This should be possible at capital costs comparable with existing steam plants. 

Sample preparation by contract research organization. In Japan, GLP for field residue study work has not yet been established and sample preparation for residue studies by private companies is not authorized. Contract research organizations are limited to prefectural research institutes and MAFF-recognized local research institutes, mainly neutral organizations, such as the Japan Plant Protection Association (JPPA). 

Other waxes have not been studied to the same extent as beeswax. They derive from a variety of plant, animal and also mineral sources, as described in Chapter 1, where more detailed information on their chemical composition is reported. HTGC/MS analysis after solvent extraction has been successfully used to identify spermaceti, candellila and Japan waxes which have been used in the manufacture of works of art [37]. In particular, in the case of spermaceti wax it has been possible to understand the structure of the various isomers of even-numbered esters ranging from C26 to C34, as well as odd-numbered esters detected in low amounts. The mass spectra obtained demonstrated for the first time that spermaceti esters are mainly composed of hexade-canol and octadecanol moieties associated with a range of FAs containing 10 20 carbon atoms. 

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