Arctium lappa

RESEARCH OF LIGNANS AND ESSENTIAL OILS FROM THE ROOT ARCTIUM LAPPA L. 

Arctium lappa L. (burdock) is used as food, preventive and medical remedy. East medicine usually uses it as a fresh root of its first year of vegetation. In some countries burdock is cultivated for use as food and a medicinal herb. Thus the development of analytical documentation for this plant raw material is essential. 

These designed methods will allow hereinafter development of the high-performance remedies, using biologically active substances from Arctium lappa L. root. Identification of stmcture and quality contents allows to obtain correct prediction of phamiacological properties of this groups of compounds. Express method allows to make supply of medical herb raw material more rational. 

For improving skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis, make a tea of elder with equal parts chickweed (Stellaria media), marshmallow root (.Althaea officinalis) and burdock root Arctium lappa). 

Advantage has been taken of the aforementioned observations in the synthesis of a terthiophene natural product, arctic acid (147) [123]. Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of bromobisthiophene 25, obtained from the Kumada coupling of 2-thienylmagnesium bromide and 2,5-dibromothiophene, gave bithiophene ester 144, which was converted to iodide 145 by reaction with iodine and yellow mercuric oxide. Subsequent propynylation of 145 was then realized using the Sonogashira reaction with prop-l-yne to give bisthienyl alkyne 146, which was subsequently hydrolyzed to 5 -(l-propynyl)-2,2 -bithienyl-5-carboxylic acid (147), a natural product isolated from the root of Arctium lappa. 

Umezawa T, Shimada M (1996) Formation of the hgnan (-l-)-secoisolariciresinol by cell-free extracts of Arctium lappa. Biosci Biotech Biochem 60 736-737... 

Suzuki S, Umezawa T, Shimada M (1998) Stereochemical difference in secoisolariciresinol formation between cell-free extracts from petioles and from ripening seeds of Arctium lappa L. Biosci Biotech Biochem 62 1468-1470... 

Lappa communis Coss et Germ. L. edulis Sieb. L. major Gaerth. L. minor DC (Syn. Arctium lappa) Niu Bang, Zong Shi (seed, root) Seed arctin, arctigenin, gobosterin, essential oil, fatty oil. Root Inulin, lappine, lappatin, resin, essential oil, tannins.49 Diuretic, antipyretic, expectorant, antiphlogistic in throat infections, pneumonia, scarlet fever, measles, smallpox, syphilis. 

Arctium lappa L. China Arctin, arctigenin, matai-resinol, sesquilignins, stereoisomer.1,9 For dermatitis, tumors, antibacterial, relieve sore throat. 

Ichihara, A., K. Oda, Y. Numata, and S. Sakamura. 1976. Lappaol A and B, novel lignans from Arctium lappa L. Tetrahedron Lett. 44 3961-3964. 

Arctium lappa L., Lappa communis Coss et Germ., L edulis Sieb., L. minor DC, L. major Gaerth. 

Arctium lappa, 1 communis, L. edulis, L. major, L. minor... 

Arctium lappa, Boehmeria densiflora, Melaleuca leucadendra, Quercus acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. dentata,... 

Pyrola rotundifolia, Vaccinium myrtilloides, V. myrtillus, V. oreophilum Arctium lappa... 

Arctium lappa, Artemisia vulgaris, Dipsacus fullonum, Inula helenium, Solidago virgaurea, S. canadensis, Taraxacum officinale, Tussilago farfara... 

Recently, Maruta et al. [112] have found that methanol extracts of roots of burdock show a significant antioxidant activity in an in vitro lipid peroxidation assay, and have isolated five caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (CQAs) from the roots of burdock (Arctium lappa L ), an edible plant in Japan. Antioxidant activities of DCQAs and related compounds have been investigated by measuring the hydroperoxidation of methyl linolate via radical chain reaction. This study indicates that in this particular system caffeic acid and CQAs are more effective than a-tocopherol. These results approximately agree with our findings [38], Additionally, CQAs as the principle antioxidative substance in burdock root have been characterized. 

Bromo-2-thienyl-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (128), obtained from the photochemical coupling of 5-iodothiophene-2-carbaldehyde and 2-bro-mothiophene, can be reduced with NaBH4 129 was treated with propyne, copper iodide, and Pd(PPh3)4 under phase-transfer conditions to give a natural bithiophene 130 isolated from Arctium lappa (87JOC5243). 

When 128 was treated with propyne, it gave a natural bithiophene 131 also isolated from Arctium lappa (87JOC5243) 131 could also be treated according to Corey s procedure to give the corresponding acetylene 132, a natural bithiophene isolated from Tagetes erecta (87SC491). 

The photochemical coupling between methyl 5-iodothiophene-2-car-boxylate (119) and 2-chlorothiophene gave the corresponding bithiophene 140. Also, in this case the reaction with propyne gave a naturally occurring bithiophene 142 isolated from Arctium lappa (89JPP(A)(47)191). 

There are also many examples that highlight the stereochemical diversity of lignan biosynthesis, as observed in a cell-free extract of Arctium lappa petiole [35], which afforded secoisolariciresinol with the opposite antipode (+) to that formed by Forsythia spp. 

Arctium lappa L. Asteraceae Seeds, roots, leaves Iwakami et al. (1992)... 

The baby food composition detailed in this patent contains fructans from Jerusalem artichoke, salsify, and Arctium lappa. Fructans selectively stimulate bifidobacteria in the colon of a baby. 

Suzuki, S., Umezawa, T. and Shimada, M. (1999) Stereochemical selectivity in secoiso-lariciresinol formation by cell-free extracts irom Arctium lappa ripening seeds. Wood Res., 86, 37-8. 

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