Antiarthritic agents

Razi, M.T, Sadler, P.J., Hill, D.T. and Sutton, B.M. (1983) Proton, carbon-13, and phosphoms-31 nudear magnetic resonance studies of (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-l-thio-p -n-glucopyranosato-S) (triethylphosphine)gold (auranofin), a novel antiarthritic agent Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, (7), 1331-1334. 

J. W. Patterson, P. S. Cheung, M. J. Ernest, 3-Carboxy-5-methyl-lV-[4-(trifluorome-thyl)phenyl]-4-isoxazolecarboxamide, a New Prodrug for the Antiarthritic Agent 2-Cya-no-3-hydroxy-IV-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-2-butenamide , J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 507-510. 

Several other agents are under study that are designed to produce combined blockade of COX and lipoxygenase. One such example is tenidap sodium, a novel antiarthritic agent, which also appears to block IL-1 formation and action [140]. 

The product of the reaction in Figure 12-12 is fenoprofen, an antiarthritic agent. 

Inagaki, M. Tsuri, T. Joyama, H. Ono, T. Yamada, K. Kobayashi, M. Hori, Y. Arimura, A. Yasui, K. Ohno, K. Kakudo, S. Koizami, K. Suzuki, R. Kato, M. Kawai, S. Matsumoto, S. Novel Antiarthritic Agents with 1,2-lsothiazolidine-1,1-dioxide (Sultam) Skeleton Cytokine Suppressive Dual Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-Lipoxygenase. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 2040-2048. 

Drug Anakinra Trade Name Kineret Usual Dosage Subcutaneous injection 100 mg/d. Special Considerations Can be used alone or with other antiarthritic agents, but should not be used with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. 

Adalimumab Humira Subcutaneous injection 40 mg every week if used alone 40 mg every other week if used in combination with other antiarthritic agents such as methotrexate. Relatively low incidence of serious side effects compared to other immunosuppressants. 

Quinoline antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (Fig. 5-6) and chloroquine have been found to have antiarthritic properties however, the onset of clinical improvement, as with penicillamine and gold, takes months. Irreversible retinopathy, including retinal opacity, can be encountered. Lesser toxicities include skin pigmentation and alopecia. Proposals to possible mechanisms of action are speculative at best. It should be emphasized that none of the slow-action antiarthritic agents discussed earlier should be considered as initial therapy in RA. The salicylates and other NSAIDs deserve this distinction. If results are unsatisfactory gold may be considered as the subsequent therapeutic step. Penicillamine would be a logical alternate, as would short-term steroids or cytotoxic agents. 

Joint inflammation and tissue damage characterize arthritis. Antiarthritic agents include prostaglandin inhibitors (Table 9.2), corticosteroids (Table 10.6), other immunosuppressants (Table 9.3), and other antiarthritic agents (Table 9.3). The efficacy of antiarthritic agents depends on the type of arthritis being treated (Table 9.5). 

Scherrer RA. Introduction to the chemistry of anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic agents. In Scherrer RA, Whitehouse MW, eds. Anti-Inflammatory Agents, vol 1. New York Academic Press, 1974 35-55. 

We have been interested in the toxic constituents of Illicium plants (Illiciaceae), and have reported on the isolation and structural elucidation of a series of sesquiterpenes possessing unique framework from these plants in Japan and China [1], As a continuous work on the chemical studies on the Illicium plants, we investigated the constituents of the bark of non-toxic Illicium difengpi K. I. B. et K. I. M., which was used as antiarthritic agent in China, and those of the fresh fruits of toxic Illicium anisatum L.. This paper deals with the isolation and structural elucidation of five new phenylpropanoid glycosides from the above plants. 

The title antiarthritic agents, 84 and 85 are thiolate derivatives of gold , AuSR, with different solubUity characteristics, as weU as different chemical and toxic properties and also different retentions of gold . They have been synthesized to obtain detailed distribution data both for the Au-metal and for the... 

C14H19AUO9S 560.331 Antiarthritic agent. Pale yellow cryst. (2-propanol/Et20). Mp 146-148°. 

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