Phenylpropanoid glycosides

Classic phenylpropanoid glycosides (PhGs) have only been known since 1964 when the first—verbascoside—was isolated from Verbascum sinuatum. Since then over 100 PhGs have been reported, bnt verbascoside is by far the most widespread, having been identified in more than 60 species from 14 plant families. These glycosides consist of three basic nnits  

a CgC3 moiety, nsnally a hydroxy cinnamic acid. 

The aromatic nnits can be differentially derived and other saccharides are nsnally linked to one or two of the free hydroxyls of the central glncose. The precnrsors to the non-sugar moieties are tyrosine and cinnamic acid—prodncts of the shikimic acid pathway (Cometa et al. 1993). 

Eight phenylpropanoid glycosides from steamed Rhemannia glutinosa demonstrated immunosuppressive activity in vivo—the most 

Numerous other activities have been reported for PhGs, particularly from Plantago spp. and Forsythia spp. A comprehensive review of the pharmacological activities of this group is available (Cometa et al. 1993). 

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Chappie, . C. S. and . E. Ellis. 1991. Syringa vulgaris L. (common lilac) in vitro culture and the occurrence and biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid glycosides. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 478-497. 

Protein Kinase C Inhibitory Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Polygonum Species... 

Studies of other Polygonum species are under way to establish the presence of homologs of the vanicosides. Isolation and structure elucidation of these homologs, along with the preparation of derivatives by synthetic methodology, will facilitate the establishment of a library of compounds which will be screened for PKC inhibitory activity. The results will produce a better understanding of the structure-activity relationships inherent in this class of phenylpropanoid glycosides. 

Zimmermann, M.L., Sneden, A.T., and Sumpter, T.L., Negative ion-FAB and tandem mass spectrometry investigation of phenylpropanoid glycosides isolated from Polygonum pensylvanicum L., J. Mass Spectrom., 30, 1628, 1995. 

Shi Y, Kang J, Lin W, Fan B, Jia Z, Yao S, Wang W, Zheng R (1999b) Fast repair of deoxynucleotide radical cations by phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs) and their analogs. Biochim Biophys Acta... 

Coniferin (= Abietin Coniferoside Coniferyl alcohol 4-0-glucoside Laricin) (phenylpropanoid glycoside)... 

Forsythiaside (= Forsythoside A) (phenylpropanoid glycoside) Galangin (= 3,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone)... 

Hellicoside (phenylpropanoid glycoside) Hesperetin (= Eriodictyol 4 - Plantago asiatica (Plantaginaceae) cAMP PDE (5-LOX) [AI, anti-asthmatic]... 

Lin W, Navaratnam S, Yao S, Lin N. (1998) Antioxidative properties of hydrox-ycinnamic acid derivatives and a phenylpropanoid glycoside. A pulse radiolysis study. RadiatPhys Chem 53 425-430. 

Analytical TLC differs from PLC in that larger weights and volumes of samples are applied as a band across the entire layer width to thicker (0.5-2 mm) and sometimes larger layers, the purpose of which is the isolation and purification of 10-1000 mg of sample for further analysis. Multiple development of the plate is commonly used, and the separated substances are detected by a non-destructive method (e.g., under UV light and iodine vapors), and recovered by extraction from scraped layer material. PLC can be used to isolate sufficient pure drug compounds for confirmation by spectrometry in cases where analytical TLC is not adequate for identification. Examples of pharmaceutical applications of PLC include a new sesquiterpene trimer and phenylpropanoid glycosides. ... 

Kernan, M.R. Amarquaye, A. Chen, J.L. Mrisho, S. Rozhou, E.J. Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia Lutea. J. Natural Products 1998, 61, 564-570. 

Four glycoside derivatives of phenol (Figure 5) have been also reported from Aconitum naviculare they are kaempferol glycosides (15 and 16) and phenylpropanoids glycosides (17 and 18) (DalFAcqua et al., 2008). Such types of glycoside derivatives of phenol are relatively common in several plant species. 

The pharmacological assays and activities of natural phenylpropanoid glycosides, extracted from a variety of plants are summarized in this review, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, healing, antimicrobial and antitumoral-chemopreventive. Structure-activity relationships are also discussed. 

The data is presented in table 1 divided in five columns that include the family of the plant specie where the phenylpropanoid glycoside (PPG) has been isolated, the specie, some of the popular uses of the plant, the trivial name of the PPG, the assayed activity with the result, also including the negative results, and the reference. 

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