Rice plant

Inabenfide. [4-Chloro-2-(a-hydroxybenzyl)]-isonicotonanilide) [82211 -24-3] (Inabenfide) (32) is not for use in the United States, but is used in other countries to inhibit the growth of rice plants. The compound is appHed to the soil 40—60 days prior to the heading up of plants, where it is absorbed through the roots and translocated throughout the stem. It inhibits the elongation of the lower intemodes and this stops lodging. It is extremely toxic to fish. 

Aristeromycin. Aristeromycin (36), the first carbocyhc analogue of adenosine, was isolated from the culture filtrates of S. citricolor as part of a search for inhibitors of bacterial leaf blight (1—4). A herbicidaHy active hypoxanthine analogue of (36), coaristeromycin, has also been isolated (108). Several chemical syntheses of (36) have appeared (1—4,109). It inhibits Aanthomonas OTjc e and Eyricularia bacterial leaf blight, blast disease of rice plants, and... 

Table I. Inhibitory Effect of Kasugamycin on Growth of Piricularia oryzae at pH 5.0 and pH 7.0 in Rice Plant Juice Medium...

Rebmann G. Hertig C. Bull J. Mauch F. Dudler R. (1991) Complementary DNA cloning and sequence analysis of a pathogen-induced putative peroxidase from rice / / Plant Mol. Biol. V. 16. P. 329-331. 

Ishihara, K., Nishihara, T. Ogura, T. (1971). The relationship between environmental factors and behaviour of stomata in the rice plant. I. On the measurement of the stomatal aperture. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Crop Science, 40, 491-6. 

Fig. 2. The effect of salinisation (NaCl, 50 mol m" at 14 days) on survival of leaves of rice plants. Open circles (salinised), closed circles (non-salinised), leaf 2 (leaf 1 is the oldest) to the left of the figure and leaf 4 to the right. The shaded area represents lost leaf life due to salinity. Data of P. Izard, T.J. Flowers A.R. Yeo (unpublished).

Twenty-two cases of endosulfan poisoning were reported in people exposed while spraying cotton and rice fields the dermal route of exposure was assumed to be the primary route of exposure (Singh et al. 1992). The assumption was based on the fact that those spraying rice fields, and who suffered cuts over the legs with the sharp leaves on the rice plants exhibited the more severe toxicity. Three out of the 22 cases exhibited tremors and 11 presented convulsions all patients recovered. 

SUDHAKAR D, FU X, SSTOGER E, WILLIAMS S, SPENCE J, BROWN D P, BHARATHI M, GATEHOUSE J A, CHRISTOU p (1998) Expression and immunolocalisation of the snowdrop Ictin, GNA in transgenic rice plants. Transgenic Res. 7 371-8... 

Ralstonia eutropha (Alcaligenes eutrophus) strain NH9 is able to degrade 3-chlorobenzene by the modified ortho pathway. The cbnA gene that encodes 3-chlorocatechol-l, 2-dioxygenase was introduced into rice plants (Oryza sativa -p.japonicd) under the control of a virus 35S promoter. 3-Chlorocatechol induced dioxygenase activity in the callus of the plants, and leaf tissues oxidized 3-chlorocatechol with the production of 2-chloromuconate... 

Shimizu M, T Kimura, T Koyama, K Suzuki, N Ogawa, K Miyashita, K Dakka, K Ohmiya (2002) Molecular breeding of transgenic rice plants expressing a bacterial chlorocatechol dioxygenase gene. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 4061-4066. 

Despite increased citrate accumulation in roots of Zn-deficient rice plants, root exudation of citrate was not enhanced. However, in distinct adapted rice cultivars, enhanced release of citrate could be observed in the presence of high bicarbonate concentrations in the rooting medium, a stress factor, which is frequently associated with Fe and Zn deficiency in calcareous soils (235) (Hajibo-huid, unpublished). This bicarbonate-induced citrate exudation has been related to improved Zn acquisition in bicarbonate-tolerant and Zn-efficient rice genotypes (Fig. 9) (23S). Increased exudation of sugars, amino acids, and phenolic compounds in response to Zn deficiency has been reported for various dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species and seems to be related to increased... 

G. J. D. Kirk and M. A. Saleque, Solubilization of phosphate by rice plants growing in reduced. soil—prediction of the amount solubilized and the resultant increase in uptake. E. J. Soil Sci. 46 247 (1995). 

The major metabolic pathways of flutolanil in plants are para-hydroxylation of the aniline ring and hydr-oxylation of the isopropoxy side chain. For potatoes, flutolanil anddesisopropyl-flutolanil (M-4) are selected as the target analytes. For rice plant, other metabolites containing 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzanilide moiety are also selected as the target analytes. For soil and water samples, flutolanil is selected as the only target analyte. 

Total toxic residue analytical method is provided for rice plants. 

Adraino DC. 1979. Factors affecting the availability of americium-241 to the rice plant. JAgricFood Chem 27(6) 1369-1375. 

Sass RL, Cicerone RJ. Photosynthate allocations in rice plants food production or atmospheric methane Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002 99 11993-11995. 

Dannenberg S, Conrad R. Effect of rice plants on methane production and rhizo-spheric metabolism in paddy soil. Biogeochemistry. 1999 45 53-71. 

Nouchi I, Mariko S, Aoki K. Mechanism of methane transport from the rhizosphere to the atmosphere through rice plants. Plant Physiol. 1990 94 59-66. 

Denier van der Gon HAC, van Breemen N. Diffusion-controlled transport of methane from soil to atmosphere as mediated by rice plants. Biogeochemistry. 1993 21 177-190. 

Nouchi I, Mariko S. Mechanisms of methane transport by rice plants. In Oremland RS, editor. Biogeochemistry of Global Change Radiatively Active Trace Gases. New York Chapman Hall 1993. pp. 336-352. 

Hosono T, Nouchi I. The dependence of methane transport in rice plants on the root zone temperature. Plant Soil, 1997 191 233-240. 

Yu KW, Wang ZP, Chen GX. Nitrous oxide and methane transport through rice plants. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 1997 24 341-343. 

Lu Y, Wassmann R, Neue HU, Huang C. Impact of phosphorus supply on root exudation, aerenchyma formation and methane emission of rice plants. Biogeochemistry. 1999 47 203-218. 

Schwab A.P., Lindsay W.L. The effect of redox on the solubility and availability of manganese in a calcareous soil Rice plants. Soil Sci Soc Am J 1983 47 217-220. 

Signs Lesions appear on the leaves of rice plants and vary in size. They are usually diamond shaped and have a gray or white center with a brown or reddish-brown border. Crop loss of 50-90% has been reported. Lesions also appear on the rice head but are brown or black in color. Rice grains do not develop properly. In severe neck infections, the stem will break and the head will drop off. The fungus can infect the roots and also invade the plant s vascular system blocking the transport of nutrients and water from the roots. ... 

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