Plant-care products

The scope of this book does not allow listing all plant-care products that have been tested in contact with aluminium alloys [3, 4]. 

Products containing copper salts or other heavy metals (cobalt, mercury, etc.) can lead to severe pitting corrosion of aluminium. 

The use of aluminium in the building industry puts it in contact with most materials used for constructions concrete, plaster, wood, polymers, etc. Aluminium is also used for the transportation of concrete, as coffering material [1] and for levelling rulers for screed and walls. 

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Detergents and Household cleaners fabric, furniture, bath/toilet, kitchen and plant care products ... 

Fluorides have many uses, for example, as mordants in dyeing, as wood preservatives, in plant-care products, in ceramics, and as frosting agents in glass-making. They are part of the formulation of certain welding fluxes. Most fluorides are more or less water-soluble,... 

Halogen derivatives of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons form a class of compounds with many applications, because they can dissolve many different products fats, varnish, cellulose, polymers, etc. They are intermediates in the synthesis of numerous compounds, such as dye stuffs or pharmaceuticals, plant care products, and insecticides. Certain halogen derivatives are used as coolants in refrigerators. 

Derivatives of thiocarbamic acid are a family of very important fungicides used in many plant-care products. Manganese salts (maneb), zinc salts (zineb), sodium and iron salts have no action on aluminium, whatever their degree of dilution. On the other hand, copper salts of dithiocarbamic acid may attack aluminium. 

Aluminium and its alloys, when placed on the ground, will undergo a slight surface attack, whose intensity depends on the nature of the soil (and the products that have been poured out there fertilisers, plant-care products, etc.). Experience with aluminium tubes in irrigation installations shows that this corrosion in contact with soil is generally very superficial. 

Substances other than enzymes can be immobilized. Examples include the fixing of heparin on polytetrafluoroethylene with the aid of PEI (424), the controUed release of pesticides which are bound to PEI (425), and the inhibition of herbicide suspensions by addition of PEI (426). The uptake of anionic dyes by fabric or paper is improved if the paper is first catonized with PEI (427). In addition, PEI is able to absorb odorizing substances such as fatty acids and aldehydes. Because of its high molecular weight, PEI can be used in cosmetics and body care products, as weU as in industrial elimination of odors, such as the improvement of ambient air quaHty in sewage treatment plants (428). 

Coke plants By-product-ovens charging Smoke, particulates (dust) Pipe-line charging, careful charging techniques, portable hooding and scrubber or baghouses... 

Early Neolithic peoples domesticated the more productive local plants, cared for them m densely planted plots, protected them from animals and other plants (weeds) and haiwested the results. Likewise they tamed, bred and cared for local animals and ate them as they deemed fit. In the cases of cattle, horses, sheep and goats, milk and its products became staple foods. In some places larger domestic animals became beasts of burden. For very sound ecological reasons, agriculture allowed even early farmers to lib-... 

NakadaN, Shinohara H, Murata A, Kiri K, Managaki S, Sato N, Takada H (2007) Removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during sand filtration and ozonation at a municipal sewage treatment plant. Water Res 41 4373-4382... 

Lishman L, Smyth SA, Sarafln K, Kleywegt S, Toito J, Peart T, Lee B, Servos M, Beland M, Seto P (2006) Occurrence and reductions of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and estrogens by municipal wastewater treatment plants in Ontario, Canada. Sci Total Environ 367 544-558... 

The company was a private label manufacturer of home maintenance and personal care products. Its laboratory would be involved with new product development, evaluation of raw materials, testing of competitive products, and quality control. Laboratory personnel would also be responsible for chemical safety in the plant and for proper waste disposal. 

In co-operation with a German chemical company, a recipe-driven batch process was modelled and simulated using PPSiM. In the simulation study, different pipeless plant scenarios were tested and evaluated. The plant under consideration produces a set of consumer care products. 

The high production volumes and widespread use of surfactants have been an environmental concern since the early 1960s. Surfactants are used in industry and agriculture and are also found in household and personal care products. Subsequently, these substances are released into the environment, directly, or after being processed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). 

In the year 2000, poison centers in the United States responded to nearly two and half million incidents, mosdy home exposures to chemical products, animal bites, and poisonous plants. Over 50% involved children under the age of six. In all, 24,024 incidents resulted in medical outcomes deemed major , and there were 1711 deaths. Almost half (46%) stemmed from exposure to pharmaceutical products. Of the remaining exposures, the largest groups resulted from cosmetics and personal care products and household cleaners. Although the large number of incidents says more about the ubiquity of potentially hazardous products in the home than about their toxicity, the numbers also point out the extent of the potential dangers if products are toxic or if medical aid is not rapidly received. Many more deaths and serious injuries would occur if not for the rapid intervention of poison centers. 

Flavourists and perfumers are professionals engaged in the study and exploitation of materials capable of impacting the human senses of taste, smell, and chemesthesis. Flavourists work primarily with substances that are either derived (directly or indirectly) from plant or animal sources or chemically synthesised from petrochemicals to develop products intended for use in foods and beverages. Perfumers work mostly with materials of plant, animal, or petrochemical origin to create perfumes, fragranced personal care products, and scented household goods. 

Coumarin is a natural product occurring in the essential oils of a large number of plants, such as cinnamon, cassia, lavender and woodruff. It is used for its fragrance in many personal care products (perfumes, deodorants, soaps) and in tobacco, in household and industrial products to mask unpleasant odours and, in some countries, as a flavouring agent in food and beverages. It has also been used to treat several medical conditions. Exposure to coumarin may occur from its production, its natural presence in many plants and essential oils, and its several industrial, medical and consumer uses. 

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