Competitive products

Produced from Co l. Estimates of the cost of producing methanol from coal have been made by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (12,17) and they are more uncertain than those using natural gas. Experience in coal-to-methanol faciUties of the type and size that would offer the most competitive product is limited. The projected costs of coal-derived methanol are considerably higher than those of methanol produced from natural gas. The cost of the production faciUty accounts for most of the increase (11). Coal-derived methanol is not expected to compete with gasoline unless oil prices exceed 0.31/L ( 50/bbl). Successful development of lower cost entrained gasification technologies could reduce the cost so as to make coal-derived methanol competitive at oil prices as low as 0.25/L ( 40/bbl) (17) (see Coal conversion processes). 

Cellulosics. Rayon and other cellulose products such as cellophane and cellulose ethers (qv) consume 1.9% of U.S. caustic soda demand. Because of competitive products, however, this market has been decreasing since 1965 and forecasted average annual growth through 1992 is less than 0.4% (6) (see Cotton). 

The trade names and information on competitive products in the commercial area of the invention. 

If a need is met by a variety of products, then the price should reflect the price of these competitive products and any unique or advantageous features of the product being priced. For example, some plastic parts for automotive appHcations can be priced higher than corresponding metal parts because of lighter weight, corrosion resistance, or other features. 

The standard requires that goals and plans cover short-term and longer term and be based on analysis of competitive products and on benchmarking inside and outside the automotive industry and the supplier s commodity. 

Fig. 5.19. Enzyme mechanism with non-competitive product inhibition.

Rg. 5.20. Kinetics mechanism with uncompetitive substrate inhibition and non-competitive product inhibition. 

The company was a private label manufacturer of home maintenance and personal care products. Its laboratory would be involved with new product development, evaluation of raw materials, testing of competitive products, and quality control. Laboratory personnel would also be responsible for chemical safety in the plant and for proper waste disposal. 

A company sells its products because either they are better than, or they cost less than, a competitive product. If a company does not keep reducing its processing costs and improving quality it can easily lose its markets. An example of how technological improvements in the production of fertilizers have forced many older plants out of business is given in Chapter 3. 

Evaluation of Methods for the Determination of Fluoride in Water Samples. 2 Analysis of a Competitive Product. 3 The Assessment of the Heavy Metal Pollution in a River Estuary. 4 The Analysis of Hydrocarbon Products in a Catalytic Reforming Study. 

The technique is currently not used as widely as UV, visible and infrared spectrometry partly due to the high cost of instrumentation. However, it is a powerful technique for the characterization of a wide range of natural products, raw materials, intermediates and manufactured items especially if used in conjunction with other spectrometric methods. Its ability to identify major molecular structural features is useful in following synthetic routes and to help establish the nature of competitive products, especially for manufacturers of polymers, paints, organic chemicals and pharmaceuticals. An important clinical application is NMR imaging where a three-dimensional picture of the whole or parts of a patient s body can be built up through the accumulation of proton spectra recorded over many different angles. The technique involves costly instrumentation but is preferable to... 

The kinds of information described here are found on three types of PC media floppy, CD-ROM, and laser disks. The products run the gamut of allowing one to assess current developments on a weekly basis, as well as to carry out more traditional reviews of historical information. The general types of information one can cover include basic pharmacology, preclinical toxicology, competitive products, and clinical safety. 

The design work to produce a commercial competitive product showed that lowering the temperature of brine to less than 50°C, which was necessary in the demonstration plant, added additional equipment and installation costs to the skids. A series of experiments were carried out on a new improved membrane element, developed for higher brine temperature. In this way we could feed dechlorinated brine to the skid without addition of a cooler. The results of these experiments are shown in Table 11.1. 

For plants that use brine purge, an additional environmental benefit is the reduction of purge volumes by up to 90%. The SRS is commercially proven, having been demonstrated for over two years of successful operation in a world-scale chlor-alkali plant. The SRS has been optimised, based on field experience, to yield a fully developed and commercially competitive product. 

However, NPEO is still being used in substantial amounts in industrial applications and in institutional cleaners, where their replacement by other surfactants, such as e.g. AEs, is hampered due to the excellent properties and competitive production costs offered by NPEO. In contrast, no regulatory action has been taken in the US, despite the range of environmental problems presented by these compounds. 

Provides information on product profiie (efficacy, side effects, etc.) of NCE and that of competitive products... 

Seliger H (2005) The ideal mix for turning biosynthetics into competitive products. Bio-Pro, Baden-Wiirthenberg. http //www.bio-pro.de/biopolymere/artikelliste biopolymere/index. html lang=en artikelid=/artikel/02194/index.html... 

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