Pipes/piping industry applications

Industrial applications include pipe seals, hydraulic system seals, dampers for machinery and high speed printers, and motor lead wine insulation. 

The most important aspect of this is that profits can be increased by either an increase in revenues or a decrease in expenses. Water treatment operations are by and large end-of-pipe treatment technologies, and hence from the standpoint industry applications that must treat water, the investments required increase expenditures and decrease profit. Municipal facilities view their roles differently, because their end-product is clean water which is saleable, plus they may have addon revenues when biosolids are developed and sold into local markets. There are different categories of revenues and expenses, and it is important to distinguish between them. 

Since the 1930s, the TP pipe industry continues to expand its use worldwide. It now represents over 30% of the dollar share compared to other materials (iron/steel at 45%, copper at 12%, concrete at 8%, aluminum at 4%, etc.). Although RP TS pipe represents a small portion of the market, it is a product of choice for many special high performance applications. Corrosion resistance, toughness, and strength contribute to its growing acceptance. 

Tin finds widespread use because of its resistance to corrosion, or as foil or to provide protective coats/plates for other metals. Properties of lead which make industrial application attractive surround its soft, plastic nature permitting it to be rolled into sheets or extruded through dies. In the finely-divided state lead powder is pyrophoric in bulk form the rapidly-formed protective oxide layer inhibits further reaction. It dissolves slowly in mineral acids. Industrial uses include roofing material, piping, and vessel linings, e.g. for acid storage. 

Wood, one of people s oldest materials, remains an important (and too often, overlooked) corrosion-resistant material of construction in the chemical-process industry. Wood tanks and wood piping have long met engineers requirements for dependable service and excellent performance in industrial applications. A very thorough and detailed treatise can be found in a three-part publication, by Oliver W. Siebert, Wood—Nature s High-Performance Material, NACE, Materials Ferformance, vol. 31, nos. 1-3, January through March 1992. ... 

Second, industrial microwave reactors will be described. Most of industrial applicators are made of rectangular wave guides. Reactants are contained within pipe or put on a simple conveyer belt. 

ISO 15494 2003 Plastics piping systems for industrial applications - Polybutene (PB), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) - Specifications for components and the system -Metric series... 

ISO 12092 2000 Fittings, valves and other piping system components made of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylester (ASA) for pipes underpressure - Resistance to internal pressure - Test method ISO 15493 2003 Plastics piping systems for industrial applications - Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) - Specifications for components and the system - Metric series ISO 15877-1 2003 Plastics piping systems for hot and cold water installations - Chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) - Part 1 General... 

ISO 4433-4 1997 Thermoplastics pipes - Resistance to liquid chemicals - Classification -Part 4 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) pipes ISO 9393-2 1997 Thermoplastics valves - Pressure test methods and requirements - Part 2 Test conditions and basic requirements for PE, PP, PVC-U and PVDF valves ISO 10931-1 1997 Plastics piping systems for industrial applications - Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) - Part 1 General... 

ISO 10931-5 1998 Plastics piping systems for industrial applications - Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) - Part 5 Fitness for purpose of the system. 

Fiberglass Reinforced Piping Systems for Chemical and Industrial Applications, Smith Fiberglass Products, Inc., Litde Rock, Ark., 1993 to 1994. 

Corrosion Resistant Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP), Fiber glass reinforcement bonded with furfuryl alcohol thermosetting resins provides plastics with unique properties. Excellent resistance to corrosion and heat distortion coupled with low flame spread and low smoke emission are characteristics that make them valuable as laminating resins with fiber glass (75,76). Another valuable property of furan FRP is its strength at elevated temperature. Hand-layup, spray-up, and filament-winding techniques are employed to produce an array of corrosion-resistant equipment, pipes, tanks, vats, ducts, scrubbers, stacks, and reaction vessels for industrial applications throughout the world. 

Uses. In architectural and industrial applications vibrational isolators are used to reduce transmission of vibration into building structures from rotating or reciprocating machinery, such as ventilating fans, pumps, chillers, industrial machinery, and the piping and ductwork connected to this equipment (6). Vibration isolators also can be used to isolate vibration-sensitive equipment or noise-sensitive areas from sources of vibration. Examples are special pneumatic isolators to protect electron microscopes, and isolators used to support floating concrete floors in recording studios. 

The mechanical erosion of a solid surface such as a pipe wall in a gas—solid flow is characterized by the loss of solid material from the solid surface due to particle impacts. The collisions of the particles either with other particles or with a solid wall may lead to particle breakup, known as particle attrition. Pipe erosion and particle attrition are major concerns in the design of a gas-solid system and during the operation of such a system. The wear of turbine blades or pipe elbows due to the directional impact of dust or granular materials, the wear of mechanical sieves by the random impact of solids, and the wear of immersed pipes in a fluidized bed by both directional and random impacts are examples of the erosion phenomenon in industrial systems. The surface wear associated with the erosion phenomenon of a gas-solid flow has been exploited to provide beneficial industrial applications such as abrasive guns, as well. 

Gas-liquid systems are encountered very frequently in a variety of industrial applications. For example, the production of crude oil and natural gas involves the transportation of a gas and a liquid phase in pipes. Although very significant efforts have been made to arrive at a fundamental description and subsequent CFD modeling of these type of flows, unfortunately the progress is still very limited and the engineer, faced with the solution of practical problems, very often has to resort to semiempirical methods. This state of the art is mainly due to the fact that numerous flow regimes, with their specific hydrodynamic characteristics, can prevail. 

---