Wave rectangular

In recent years the flyer plate technique of determining shock sensitivity has become very popular (eg, Refs 11,30,37, 51,55, 59, 60, 61, 64,65 Sc 66. It has the distinct advantage of delivering a plane-wave rectangular pulse of known duration to the test expl. Also the amplitude and duration of these shocks can be varied over a wide range... 

Both microwave and millimetre wave radiation can be channelled in any direction by a waveguide made from metal tubing of rectangular cross-section, the dimensions depending on the frequency range. The absorption cell is also made from waveguide tubing. 

The solution to this model for a deep bed indicates an increase in velocity of the fluid-phase concentration wave during breakthrough. This is most dramatic for the rectangular isotherm—the instant the bed becomes saturated, the fluid-phase profile Jumps in velocity from that of the adsorption transition to that of the fluid, and a near shocklike breakthrough curve is obseived [Coppola and LeVan, Chem. Eng. Sci.,36, 967(1981)]. 

For a liquid which is flowing with a velocity u in a rectangular channel of width B, the depth of liquid is initially D. As a result of a change in conditions at the downstream end of the channel, the level there suddenly increases to some value D2. A wave therefore Lends to move upstream against the motion of the oncoming fluid. For two sections, 1 and 2, one on each side of the wave at any instant, as shown in Figure 3.22. the rate of accumulation of fluid between the two sections is given by ... 

As shown by the flow chart in Fig. 49, at first a wave number plane is divided into a mesh with 128 x 128 rectangular mesh points. Then the amplitude of the concentration fluctuation at t = 0 corresponding to each... 

Me et al. (2006) addressed the differences in gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics that occur in conventional size channels and micro-channels by examining the two-phase flow pattern, interfacial wave, void fraction and friction pressure drop data obtained in circular and rectangular channels with a hydraulic diameter ranging from 50 pm to 6.0 mm. 

It is clear from Figure 1 that in the first experiment (Figure la) f and f. were oscillated in opposition of phase with maximum possible amplitude of the pump setting. In the second experiment (Figure lb) nearly rectangular waves were used for... 

Figure 2.3. Tunnelling of a wave with kinetic energy E through a rectangular potential energy barrier, height V. The narrower the barrier, the smaller the mass of the particle and the smaller the difference between V and E, the greater the tunnelling probability. If the amplitude of the wave has not reached zero at the far side of the barrier, it will stop decaying and resume the oscillation it had on entering the barrier (but with smaller amplitude).

The rectangular plates yield on immersion in oily liquids of known refractive index the values of /3 and y, but crushed fragments usually show values intermediate between a and in one direction. Observations were made in light of variable wave length, obtained by a monochromatic illuminator, at 20°. The dispersion relations were found to be as stated in Table II. 

Fig. 13. Three-dimensional representation of the effect of voltage and frequency of a rectangular wave on photophobic accumulations in 1000 lx white light traps. Left abscissa peak-to-peak voltage Right abscissa frequency in Hz Ordinate response in % of the uninhibited control (after Hader44))...

Second, industrial microwave reactors will be described. Most of industrial applicators are made of rectangular wave guides. Reactants are contained within pipe or put on a simple conveyer belt. 

We carefully dissected rat tail arteries and loaded them with a Ca2+ indicator, Fluo-3. After a rectangular glass capillary was inserted into the lumen of the excised arteries, [Ca2+] in smooth muscle cells within the arterial wall was visualized using a confocal microscope. Brief electrical shocks were delivered at 5 Hz to the preparations to stimulate the sympathetic nerve network present in the adventitia. We found Ca2+ signals with diverse spatiotemporal patterns, Ca2+ waves and oscillations in individual smooth muscle cells during the sympathetic nerve stimulation (lino et al 1994). 

The process of diffraction of a blast wave around a rectangular block object, such as a simple building shape, is well described in Ref. 7, and is paraphrased here. 

FIG URE 3.5 Schematic of Blast Wave Interaction with a Rectangular Building (from TNO Green Book)... 

Sinusoidal excitation provides only one harmonic at the modulation frequency. In contrast, pulsed light provides a large number of harmonics of the excitation repetition frequency. The harmonic content, the number of harmonics and their amplitude, is determined by the pulse width and shape.(25) For example, a train of infinitely short pulses provides an infinite number of harmonics all with equal amplitude. A square wave provides only three modulation frequencies with sufficient amplitude to be usable. Equation (9.74) gives the harmonic content of a train of rectangular pulses R(t) of D duty cycle (pulse width divided by period) and RP peak value ... 

The performance of the temperature controller was measured in the tracking mode. Figure 6.18 shows a graph, where the temperature of one of the three microhotplates is kept at a constant temperature of 300 °C, the temperature of the second microhotplate is modulated using a sine wave of 10 mHz, while rectangular temperature steps of 150 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C, and 350 °C have been appHed to the third microhotplate. Temperature measurements on one of the hotplate that has been operated at constant temperature in the stabihzation mode showed a variation of less than 1 °C, even though the temperature of the neighboring hotplates was, at the same time, modulated dynamically (sine wave, ramp, steps). This is a consequence of the individual hotplate temperature control, without which thermal crosstalk between the hotplates would have been clearly detectable. The power dissipation of the chip is approximately 190 mW, when all three hotplates are simultaneously heated to 350 °C. In the power-down mode, the power consumption is reduced to 8.5 mW. 

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