For military uses

HMX, the highest density and highest energy soHd explosive produced on a large scale, primarily for military use, exists in four polymorphic forms. The beta form is the least sensitive, most stable, and the type requited for military use. The mole fraction products of detonation of HMX in a calorimetric bomb are 3.68 N2, 3.18 H2, 1.92 CO2, 1.06 CO, 0.97 C, 0.395 NH3, and 0.30 H2. 

Upon the United States entry into World War 1 in 1917, helium became a war material of first priority. Helium was sought to replace hydrogen as the lifting gas in lighter-than-air craft for military use. As a war material, helium became a government monopoly, was given a code name, and was shrouded in secrecy. By the war s end, quantities of helium had been produced, but none had reached combat. 

Synthetics are commonly employed only when their higher cost is justified by extreme temperatures or by need for special properties which caimot be achieved with petroleum greases. Severe temperature and operating requirements have led to a broad range of synthetic greases for military use (54). Comparison of typical temperature limits are given in Table 9. 

High energy density batteries with long shelf life, developed originally for military use, are based on lithium and thionyl chloride. These batteries are used ia backup or standby power sources for computer, missile, and telephone systems (191,192). 

Quarpel is an important combination of fluorochemical finish and resin-based extender developed by the U.S. Army Natick Laboratories for military use. This finish typicaUy contains 4—6 wt % commercial fluorochemical emulsion, 4—6 wt % resin-based repeUent emulsion, 0.1 wt % acetic acid, and 5 wt % isopropyl alcohol. If necessary, the formulation includes a catalyst to cross-link the resin-based component. Quarpel specifications demand exceUent initial water and oU repeUency and exceUent durabUity to washing and dry cleaning. 

Guayule, potentially a source of natural mbber, is an unusual crop in that it has been an article of commerce in the past. Guayule grows wild in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. When the leaves are milled in water, a latex is released that coagulates into natural mbber worms. These can easily be collected and relatively easily refined to give a product that is almost identical to the natural mbber from southeast Asia. During World War II there were several thousand acres of guayule planted in California and a small plant estabUshed to extract the mbber for military use. After the war. 

Meal Powder (Meal Black Powder). The finest granulation of BkPdr procured for military use. 

Moderately delayed-action casualty agent. Not authorized for military use. 

Invent strong, lightweight, and multipurpose materials for military use in vehicles, armaments, and protective clothing. 

As a result of the hazards in using compounds such as these, the use of parathion has been banned in the United States since 1991. Another of the toxic organophosphorus compounds is sarin, a nerve gas that was produced for military use ... 

PD was designed for military use in wet environments because it can persist for several days in dry, cool, shady areas. In open terrain, PD is generally effective only as a vomiting agent. However, due to its extreme vapor density, it is highly effective in enclosed areas (particularly basements), tunnels, gullies, and caves. It is highly effective when delivered as an aerosol from an aircraft.1... 

As discussed in the main narrative, the Army s interest in THC type compounds was ambivalent. In the mid-1950s, pilot studies with EA 1476 (red oil) showed it to be potent, but otherwise unacceptable for military use. 

In contrast, secondary nitramines have no acidic hydrogen and often exhibit a high chemical stability in combination with acceptable thermal and impact sensitivity. Consequently, secondary nitramines are often the explosives of choice for military use. 

Until the end of the First World War the main filling for mass ordnance was TNT and its mixtures with ammonium nitrate known as Amatols. During this period improved methods for the manufacture of RDX enabled its inclusion in munitions, usually in formulation with TNT in the form of the Cyclotols. RDX and its mixtures are still the most widely used explosives for military use. 

For military use, harassing agents are intended to reduce or destroy the effectiveness of enemy troops. For this purpose, rapid onset of effects is usually, but not always, desired. Rapid recovery facilitates the handling of prisoners, whereas men injured by mustard gas require intensive care and weeks for recovery. There were no plans for studying long-term effects of World War I harassing agents. 

Esplosivo plastico. A plastic expl suitable for military use consists of RDX 85—89, petrolatum 12—10, plastic binder (Tioplasto molle) 0.5—2 glycerophthalic acid 0.5-1%. Its Al-contg... 

Mezze d innesco. di uso militare (Initiating Devices for Military Use). See under INNESCAMENTO... 

Post-WWII. After WWII most LP R D shifted from Germany to the USA and the USSR. Technical progress since 1945 in LP for rockets can be characterized by a host of minor improvements rather than major advances, and some spectacular applications of LP in rockets for military use and for space exploration, eg, in ICBM s (Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles) and in USA USSR Moon, Mars Venus shots . Thus the major developments since WWII have been primarily in the application of existing, though improved, propulsion systems to such highly publicized rockets as Sputnik, Vanguard, Soyuz, Saturn, Vostok, Apollo, Explorer, etc... 

C) Obsolete Type. Designates an item or assemblage which,has been declared unsuitable for military use... 

FAE have joined chemical Sc nuclear expls for military use. Vaporized fuel from air-dropped or preplaced canisters, exploded on a target produces highly destructive blast. 

This research will interest DoD policymakers involved in research and development, acquisition, and medical use policy related to defense against CBW agents producers of drugs and vaccines for military use, especially for CBW defense FDA officials whose responsibilities have been reordered by the events of September 11, 2001 officials in the Department of Health and Human Services and in the Department of Homeland Security and the interested public. 

DoD is not just another purchaser in a commercial market, however. It becomes a developer of drugs when demand is mainly or exclusively for military use. Under these circumstances, DoD requirements for CBW defense drugs involve the department in the full spectrum of research, development, testing for safety and effectiveness through clinical trials or alternate means, production, acquisition, and issues of medical use. (This may also be the case for naturally occurring diseases that rarely appear in the United States and for which the domestic civilian market is limited.)... 

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