Physiological serum

From the foregoing results, SOAz seems the most promising antitumor agent of the series. It is highly soluble in physiological serum, and allows the cure of the P388 leukemia within a monoinjection protocol. 

Disaccharides can have similar utility to monosaccharides in DNA delivery polymers. Trehalose, a disaccharide composed of two glucose units linked via an a-(l—>1) glycosidic bond, has been shown to have cryo- and lyo-protective properties, attributed to an unusually large hydration volume [152]. As a function of these properties, trehalose has been shown to prevent aggregation and fusion of proteins and lipids [153]. Logically, incorporation of these features into a polymer backbone could afford similar characteristics to a DNA delivery system and may prevent aggregation of polyplexes in physiological serum concentrations and ionic... 

Testosterone stimulates libido or sexual drive in males. Within the normal physiologic serum concentration range (normal, 300 to 1100 ng/ dL), sexual drive is normal. Approximately one-third of men older than 50 years of age have hypogonadism, which is characterized by subphysiologic serum testosterone levels. Such patients complain of loss of energy, loss of muscle strength, depressive mood, and decreased libido. 

In Women Loss of androgen secretion in women results in a decrease in sexual hair, but not for many years. Some experts have proposed that the loss of androgens, especially the severe loss of both ovarian and adrenal androgens that occurs in panhypopituitarism, is associated with decreased libido, energy, muscle mass and strength, and bone mineral density. Testosterone preparations that yield physiological serum testosterone concentrations in women currently are being developed and tested in clinical trials. 

By intradermal administration. Landsteiner and Jacobs (1935) practiced repeated injections of 0.0025 mg of DNCB in an alcoholic solution mixed with physiological serum this procedure regularly induced a sensitization. The guinea pigs thus treated react to the patch test in 0.1% concentration of DNCB in olive oil (Skog, 1955) and even in 0.04% (Chase, 1941). 

As already mentioned in Section 2, ascorbate stimulates the proliferation of some, but not all tumor cells. Some examples are compiled in Table IV. If effective at all, ascorbate-stimulated proliferation at concentrations < 1 mM, usually at 0.2-0.3 mM, i.e., at or slightly above the physiological serum level (Bergsten et al., 1994). The ascorbate dependency, however, appears to be highly variable even with closely related cells. 

PTH is the most important regulator of bone remodelling and calcium homeostasis. PTH is an 84-amino acid polypeptide and is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to reductions in blood levels of ionised calcium. The primary physiological effect of PTH is to increase serum calcium. To this aim, PTH acts on the kidney to decrease urine calcium, increase mine phosphate, and increase the conversion of 25-OH-vitamin D to l,25-(OH)2-vitamin D. PTH acts on bone acutely to increase bone resorption and thus release skeletal calcium into the circulation. However, due to the coupling of bone resorption and bone formation, the longer-term effect of increased PTH secretion is to increase both bone resorption and bone formation. 

The physiological significance of the growth requirements for established animal cell lines in serum-free medium is still an unresolved matter. Cultures of... 

There is a second type of cholinesterase called butyrylcholinesterase, pseudocholinesterase, or cholinesterase. This enzyme is present in some nonneural cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in plasma and serum, the liver, and other organs. Its physiologic function is not known, but is hypothesized to be the hydrolysis of esters ingested from plants (Lefkowitz et al. 1996). Plasma cholinesterases are also inhibited by organophosphate compounds through irreversible binding this binding can act as a detoxification mechanism as it affords some protection to acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system (Parkinson 1996 Taylor 1996). 

The 25-OH-D Is further metabolized In the kidney to 1,25 dlhydroxycholecalclferol (1,25(OH)2D) which Is considered to be the major physiologically Important, tissue-active metabolite of vitamin D. It circulates In extremely low concentrations (< 100 pg/ml of serum). Assay of 1,25(OH)2D Is extremely tedious. It Is done by competitive binding technique using a combined Intestinal cell cytosol and chromatin binding system, biosynthetic 3h-1,25(OH)2D3 as labeled ligand and synthetic 1,25(0H)2D3 as standard (31). 

CoTLQVE E, Harris EK, Williams G (1970) Biological and analytic components of variation in long-term studies of serum constituents in normal subjects. Physiological and medical imph-cations. Clin Chem 16 1028-1032. 

The first four materials (IRMM/IFCC-452, 453, 454, 455) are expected to be released during 2000. Projects on the certification of reference materials for cardiac marker (myoglobin) and total protein concentration in serum are under discussion. Even so the number of available CRMs for clinical chemistry and occupational toxicology is still limited. This has to do with the complexity of physiological compounds (e.g. proteins), the instabihty (e.g. enzymes), or the volatility (e.g. solvents). 

In PD, prewarmed dialysate is instilled into the peritoneal cavity where it dwells for a specified length of time (usually one to several hours, depending on the type of PD) to adequately clear metabolic waste products. At the end of the dwell time, the dialysate is drained and replaced with fresh dialysate. The continuous nature of PD provides for a more physiologic removal of waste products from the bloodstream, which mimics endogenous renal function by decreasing the fluctuations seen in serum concentrations of the waste products. Similarly, water is removed at a more constant rate, lessening the fluctuations in intravascular fluid balance and providing for more hemodynamic stability. 

The outcome from intraabdominal infection is not determined solely by what transpires in the abdomen. Unsatisfactory outcomes in patients with intraabdominal infections may result from complications that arise in other organ systems. A complication commonly associated with mortality after intraabdominal infection is pneumonia.26 A high APACHE (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation) II score, a low serum albumin, and a high New York Heart Association cardiac function status were significantly and independently associated with increased mortality from intraabdominal infection.27... 

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