Other organ systems

Although it is not stated in the study, from a practical industrial standpoint, the effects of air, nitrogen, and other common inert gases can he expected to he about the same for other organic systems. 

RA is a chronic systemic disease that produces inflammatory changes throughout the connective tissue in the body. It affects joints and other organ systems of the body. Destruction of articular cartilage occurs, affecting joint structure and mobility. RA primarily affects individuals between 20 and 40 years of age. 

As more information is obtained about the relationship of temperature levels and the HS response, further analysis is needed to determine the relationship between inducing the HS response in one part of the body and other organ systems. Insight... 

No other organ system has the same level of exposure and diversity of responses to phytochemicals. Because virtually all characteristics of the GIT are influenced by phytochemicals, there are many opportunities to improve health and nutritional status. Our objective in preparing this contribution was to provide readers with insights into the known and potential interactions... 

The great diversity and amounts of hormones and regulatory molecules secreted by the GIT influence local and systemic functions. As a consequence, phytochemicals that modulate the endocrine functions of the GIT can alter its characteristics and those of other organ systems. 

The intensity of the daily chronic maintenance regimen varies based on patient age, baseline lung function, other organ system involvement, and social factors such as time available for therapy and patient-selected care choices. Generally, with more severe lung disease and multi-organ system involvement, therapies become more complicated and time intensive. Additionally, therapy is intensified when pulmonary symptoms are increased with acute exacerbations or even mild viral upper respiratory illness such as the common cold. The approach to treatment is best described by the organ system affected. 

The outcome from intraabdominal infection is not determined solely by what transpires in the abdomen. Unsatisfactory outcomes in patients with intraabdominal infections may result from complications that arise in other organ systems. A complication commonly associated with mortality after intraabdominal infection is pneumonia.26 A high APACHE (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation) II score, a low serum albumin, and a high New York Heart Association cardiac function status were significantly and independently associated with increased mortality from intraabdominal infection.27... 

Use of diethylpropion for a period longer than 3 months is associated with an increased risk for development of pulmonary hypertension. When used as directed, reported common central nervous system adverse effects included overstimulation, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, euphoria, dysphoria, tremor, headache, jitteriness, anxiety, nervousness, depression, drowsiness, malaise, mydriasis, and blurred vision. In addition, diethylpropion can decrease seizure threshold, subsequently increasing a patient s risk for an epileptic event. Other organ systems also can adversely be affected, resulting in tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, palpitations, dry mouth, abdominal discomfort, constipation,... 

To this list of protein misfolding diseases can be added rare familial amyloidoses in which the mutated proteins have the classic amyloid fibril congophilic birefringence and cross-(3-sheet structure (Table 3). Many of these deposits have an impact on the central nervous system (TTR, cystatin, lysozyme) as well as on other organ systems. A newly described disease, familial British dementia, is associated with the deposition of Abri, a 34 amino acid, 4 kDa peptide cleaved from a 277 amino acid precursor sequence, the last 10 amino acids of which are not normally translated [52]. Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is... 

Figure 3.12 gives examples of the dependence of the apparent formal potential on the pH for other organic systems (see also p. 465). 

Two regulatory systems in the body influence the activity of all the other organ systems so that homeostasis is ultimately maintained ... 

The nervous system is one of the two regulatory systems in the human body that influences the activity of all the other organ systems. It consists of literally billions of neurons interconnected in a highly organized manner to form circuits. The number of neurons and the manner in which they are interconnected in a given circuit distinguishes one region of the brain from another and the brain of one individual from that of another. In addition, plasticity, the ability to alter circuit connections and function in response to... 

Tissues consist of smaller repeating units on the scale of hundreds of micrometers in vivo. The 3D architecture of these repeating tissue units underlies the coordination of multicellular processes, emergent mechanical properties, and integration with other organ systems via the microcirculation [11], Furthermore, the local cellular environment presents biochemical, cellular, and physical stimuli that orchestrate cellular fate processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Thus, successful fabrication of a fully functional tissue must include both an appropriate environment for cell viability and function at the microscale... 

The synthesis of TGFp, following injury in the nervous system is consistent with its effects on inflammatory responses in other organ systems. Although this factor is not particularly well studied in the developing nervous system, it has been reported to play an instructive role in specifying cellular phenotype. 

This chapter will provide an in-depth summary of the immunotoxicity of JP-8 as learned from human, animal, and in vitro studies. For additional reading regarding the toxicity to other organ systems, readers are guided to a comprehensive review recently published by the National Research Council [1],... 

As with the development of other organ systems, the development of the immune system is a highly regulated process. Table 19.1 and Figure 19.1 provide a list of known events or markers that occur during immune system development. In humans, hematopoiesis begins at approximately 3-4 weeks of gestation with the development of blood... 

Grabowski CT, Daston GP. 1983. Functional teratology of the cardiovascular and other organ systems. Issues and Reviews in Teratology 1 285-308. 

Chronic inhalation exposure of rodents to 1,2-dibromoethane has been associated with neoplasms in the respiratory tract, as well as in other organ systems. Two studies have examined the carcinogenic potential of 1,2-dibromoethane in rodents after inhalation exposure (NTP 1982 Wong et al. 1982). There was also an A strain mouse assay (Adkins et al. 1986). 

Clinical chemistry prior to death for both men revealed metabolic acidosis, acute renal and hepatic failure, skeletal muscle necrosis, and damage to other organ systems. Autolysis of viscera prevented complete characterization of lesions associated with mortality from these... 

Theophylline and other methylxanthines also display a pharmacological effect on a number of other organ systems. Of course the most pronounced effect is relaxation of smooth musculature in the respiratory tract. However, theophylline is a CNS stimulant, and it lowers arterial blood pressure, increases diuresis, displays cardiotonic activity, and has a specific effect on the gastrointestinal tract. The effects listed are the most frequently encountered side effects upon taking theophylline as a broncholytic. 

The main acute effect is inebriation, which in turn spawns violence, spousal and child abuse, crime, motor vehicle accidents, workplace and home accidents, drowning, suicide, and accidental death. The chronic effects include alcoholism, liver disease, various forms of cancer, brain disorders, cardiovascular disease and other organ system effects, absence from or loss of work, family dysfunction, and malnutrition. 

Several other organic systems have been stndied as potential electrochromes because of their redox behaviour. These include carbazoles, methoxybiphenyls, fluorenones, benzoquinones, naphthaquinones and anthraqninones, tetracyanoquinodimethane, tetrathiafnlvalene and pyrazolines. ° Of particnlar interest are the 1,4-phenylenedi-amines, which form highly colonred species on oxidation. These, known as Wurster s salts, exemplified by Wnrster s Bine (1.97), are anodically colouring and this type of material has found nse in composite electrochromic systems for car rearview mirrors (see 1.5.4.1). 

Injury to the Nervous System and Other Organ Systems... 

The composition of the cell membrane varies from one anatomical location to another. For example, the cell membranes of neurons are 75% lipid and 25% protein, while those of epithelial cells in the intestinal villi are 75% protein and 25% lipid. The mixture of lipids that constitutes the cell membranes of neurons is different from that found in other organ systems the same applies to the membrane proteins of neurons. Cell membranes are dynamic structures the phospholipids and fatty acids are in a state of constant turnover the protein components tend to turnover with a cycle ranging from 9 days to 6 months. 

Epinephrine Nonselective and agonist Bronchodilation plus all other sympathomimetic effects on cardiovascular and other organ systems (see Chapter 9) Anaphylaxis, asthma, others (see Chapter 9) rarely used for asthma (B 2-selective agents preferred) Aerosol, nebulizer, or parenteral see Chapter 9... 

---