Physical performance-enhancing

A, antiproliferative E, erythropoietic G, glucose-lowering I, insulin sensitizing L, lipid lowering M, myoanabolic N, neuroprotective O, osteoanabolic P, physical performance enhancement PA, protein anabolism R, renal hypertrophy S, sexual tissue growth/ maintenance SG, spermatogenic modulation. 

Some of the newest and most exciting developments in functional foods are products that claim to influence mood and enhance both mental and physical performance. This important collection reviews the range of ingredients used in these performance functional foods, their effects and the evidence supporting their functional benefits. 

Another example of performance enhancement using a zeolite/TUD-1 catalyst is shown in n-hexane cracking using a series of zeolite-Beta-embedded TUD-1 catalysts (29) 20, 40 and 60 wt% zeolite Beta in Al-Si-TUD-1 (Si/Al = 150). These are compared to pure zeolite Beta, and to a physical mixture of 40% zeolite Beta and 60% Al-Si-TUD-1. These catalysts were tested in a fixed bed reactor, at atmospheric pressure, with constant residence time at 538°C. The pseudo-first-order rate constants are shown in Figure 41.8. Note that the zeohte-loaded catalysts were clearly superior to both the pure zeolite Beta catalyst and the zeohte-TUD-1 physical mixture. Again, this is evidence that catalyst performance benefits from a hierarchical pore stracture such as zeolite embedded in TUD-1. 

The viability of one particular use of a membrane reactor for partial oxidation reactions has been studied through mathematical modeling. The partial oxidation of methane has been used as a model selective oxidation reaction, where the intermediate product is much more reactive than the reactant. Kinetic data for V205/Si02 catalysts for methane partial oxidation are available in the literature and have been used in the modeling. Values have been selected for the other key parameters which appear in the dimensionless form of the reactor design equations based upon the physical properties of commercially available membrane materials. This parametric study has identified which parameters are most important, and what the values of these parameters must be to realize a performance enhancement over a plug-flow reactor. 

Asian ginseng (root) — Arousing, stimulating, energy enhancing effect. Increases physical performance and activity. 

There are no known long-term psychological effects from creatine supplementation. However, at least one study has linked the use of performance-enhancing supplements to an increased incidence of health risk behaviors. The 2001 study, which surveyed approximately 500 men and women between the ages of 17 and 35, found that study participants who took ergogenic nutritional supplements such as creatine were more likely to get drunk, drink and drive, and become involved in physical confrontations. However, since the research was limited by the fact that it involved a very specific population (subjects were new recruits entering military service), further study is needed to determine if ergogenic aids such as creatine are directly linked to an increase in these behaviors. 

Although some stimulants have been used in an attempt to enhance physical or athletic performance, no published studies indicate that this is the case for methylphenidate. In addition, no data were found regarding the utility of methylphenidate for the enhancement of physical performance. 

Table 3 Performance Enhancement Through the Modification of the Physical Properties of Catalyst Supports... 

Ginseng is promoted as a tonic capable of invigorating the user physically, mentally, and sexually. It is also said to possess antistress activity, or to serve as an adaptogen, improve glycemic control and stimulate immune function. Claims that ginseng can improve athletic performance, enhance longevity, or treat toxic hepatitis are not supported by human trials. 

An initial evaluation of male infertility should include a detailed history and physical examination with special emphasis on the reproductive organs for evidence of proper androgenization. The history must include prescribed medications, recreational and performance-enhancing drug and alcohol use, systemic illnesses, and potential toxin exposure. A sexual history should include sexual technique and frequency of intercourse. Issues of potency must be distinguished from those of infertility or subfertiHty. 

Stimulants to increase alertness, reduce fatigue, lift depression, decrease appetite, speed up bodily processes and activity, enhance physical performance and well-being, create euphoria and grandiosity... 

In this section of the handbook, we focus only on applications of rehabilitation engineering. The concepts of rehabflitation engineering, rehabilitation science, and rehabilitation technology are outHned in Chapter 67. Chapter 69 discusses the importance of personal mobility and various wheeled modes of transportation (wheelchairs, scooters, cars, vans, and public conveyances). Chapter 70 looks at other non-wheeled ways to enhance mobility and physical performance. Chapter 71 covers techniques available to augment sensory impairments or to provide a substitute to input sensory information. Conversely, Chapter 72 looks at the output side. 

Fang, K., Zhang, C., 2009. Surface physical-morphological and chemical changes leading to performance enhancement of atmospheric pressure plasma treated polyester fabrics for inkjet printing. Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 (17), 7561-7567. 

Fillers such as CaCOs, clay, etc. with average particle size in the range 01 to 100 nm may be defined as nanofillers. Unlike traditional fillers, mainly used for cost reduction, nanofillers are performance-enhancing fillers used in relatively small amounts (5 10%) in order to provide substantial improvements in physical and other properties. Nanosized particles (average diameter around 40 nm) form a very fine and homogeneous distributed system in polymer matrix. As compared to micron size filler particles the nanosized filler particles are able to occupy substantially greater number of sites in the polymer matrix. 

Milliken Chemical manufactures Hyperform HPN-20E, a nucleating agent for use of polyethylene in blown film applications. The performance enhancements include improved clarity and physical properties, increased film throughput and reduced manufacturing costs. ... 

Observed miscibility of a giveii polymer pair is related to a set of physical conditions (temperature, pressure, molecular weight, chain structure, etc.). AG < 0 when the binary polymer-pol)nner interaction coefficient, x-[2, is negative. The contributions to x 2 sr dispersion forces, free volume and the specific interactions. The tendency of blends to mix or to separate over a long period of time determines their true thermodynamic miscibility. For example, depending on the conditions, some polyolefin blends are thermodynamically miscible. Most polyolefin blends are compatible, with an enhancement of their physical performance. Therefore, blending is widely used in the polyethylene industry. 

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