Physical performance-enhancing drugs

An initial evaluation of male infertility should include a detailed history and physical examination with special emphasis on the reproductive organs for evidence of proper androgenization. The history must include prescribed medications, recreational and performance-enhancing drug and alcohol use, systemic illnesses, and potential toxin exposure. A sexual history should include sexual technique and frequency of intercourse. Issues of potency must be distinguished from those of infertility or subfertiHty. 

Kalivoda et al. in 2012 studied the use of blends of different polymeric carriers to enhance the dissolution rate of the poorly water-soluble model drug fenofibrate via HME technology. Copovidone (COP), polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol copolymer (PVCL-PVAc-PEG) and hypromellose 2910/5 (HPMC) were used as a polymeric carriers. Hot-melt extruded feno-flbrate was evaluated by DSC and x-ray diffractometry. Dissolution studies showed that there was a significant increase in the dissolution rate of the hot-melt extruded fenofibrate compared to the pure drug or physical mixture of drug and polymeric carriers. These researchers reported that the fenofibrate extrudates exhibited a 7.6- to 12.1-fold supersaturation and provided superior dissolution performance than marketed formulations Lipidil and Lipidil -Ter. 

When amphetamine-like substances are misused to enhance athletic performance (doping), there is a risk of dangerous physical overexertion. Because of the absence of a sense of fatigue, a drugged athlete may be able to mobilize ultimate energy reserves. In extreme situations, cardiovascular failure may result (B). 

You have surely come across the items of news that appear quite frequently in the media, related to world-class athletes and sports personalities abusing anabolic steroids, e.g. nandrolone, to enhance performance and also to improve physical appearance. What are these substances Well, all these drugs and many other important drugs belong to the class of compounds called steroids. 

It is also certain that a fair proportion of the population is indifferent to taste and lacks the acuity necessary for distinguishing small differences in taste and aroma between samples.Furthermore, clear flavor performance differences can be obtained during pharmaceutical product development, by techniques designed to promote taste acceptance. The use of flavors, flavor modifiers, and other methods for flavor enhancement, such as physical and chemical manipulations of drugs, may be potential methods for the development of products with superior market preference characteristics. 

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