Performance-enhancing drug

In this competitive world, especially in the sports field, athletes try their best to outperform each other. Unfortunately, some athletes resort to the use of performance-enhancing drugs to have a competitive edge. Table 11.1 is a list of banned performance-enhancing drugs published by the World Anti-Doping Association and the International Olympic Committee. This list is effective from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2003. 

Sources 1. Olshansky SJ, Hayflick L, Carnes BA. No truth to the fountain of youth, Scientific American June 92-95 (2002). (2) Hopkin K. Your new body—making Methuselah, Scientific American September 32-37 (1999). 

Botox is a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.When Botox is injected into facial tissues, it is absorbed by the nerve endings of muscle fibers. Nerve transmissions are interrupted and consequently the muscle relaxes. The relaxed muscle is then no longer effective to pull the facial lines to show the wrinkles. 

Treatment with Botox is temporary. Once the nerve endings return to normal, the muscle will resume its contractual pull on the wrinkles. 

Despite measures such as regular screenings and threats of suspensions, some athletes continue to take risks and consume these banned drugs. It is clear that to wrestle with cases of banned drugs requires better detection 

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In gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), the effluent from a gas chromatograph is passed into a mass spectrometer and a mass spectrum is taken every few milliseconds. Thus gas chromatography is used to separate a mixture, and mass spectrometry used to analyze it. GC/MS is a very powerful analytical technique. One of its more visible applications involves the testing of athletes for steroids, stimulants, and other performance-enhancing drugs. These drugs are converted in the body to derivatives called metabolites, which are then excreted in the... 

True. Performance-enhancing drugs are used in many sports by athletes who wish to beat their opponents unfairly. Many of these drugs carry serious health risks for the user, and can lead to disqualification and loss of reputation. 

Graham et al.79 noted that more than a quarter of Canadian youth surveyed reported use of caffeine during the last year to improve their athletic performance. The current allowable levels of caffeine permitted by the IOC are well above the minimum dose needed to elicit an ergogenic effect. If the IOC and other regulatory bodies are serious about controlling the use of performance enhancing drugs, then it may be necessary to ban caffeine entirely from competition. 

EPO is considered a banned performance-enhancing drug in the sports arena, where athletes use EPO to boost their red blood cells with the expectation of boosting performance (see Exhibit 4.11 for a brief review of performance-enhancing drugs and Section 11.10 on banned drugs in sports). 

Sources (1) Zorpette G. All doped up—and going for go d. Scientific American May 20-22 (2000). (2) Freudenrich C. How Performance-Enhancing Drugs Work. http //entertainment. howstuffworks.com/athletic-drug-testl.htm [accessed September 24,2002]. 

MiiUer RK, Grosse J, Thieme D, Lang R, Teske J, et al. 1999. Introduction to the application of capillary gas chromatography of performance-enhancing drugs in doping control. J Chromatogr A 843 275. 

Endersby, Alastair. Drugs in Sport. International Debate Education Association. Available online. URL http //www.debatabase.org/details. asp topicID=28. Updated September 29, 2000. This resource page for student debaters provides pro and con arguments on the question Should the use of performance-enhancing drugs be legalized Some resources links are included. 

Olympic athletes are tested to see that they are not using illegal performance-enhancing drugs. Suppose that urine samples are taken and analyzed and the rate of false positive results is 1%. Sup-... 

Any polled athlete chose to use GH as a performance enhancing drug should have first understand at least the basics of its actions. 

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) and other performance-enhancing drugs are added to the United Kingdom Misuse of Drugs Act. 

In addition to the recreational use of illegal drugs, one of the more creative uses of drugs is to improve athletic performance. While the use of performance-enhancing drugs in the world of sports is not really drug abuse in the common use of the term,... 

FACT Use of performance-enhancing drugs is strictly prohibited in both amateur and professional sports. 

An initial evaluation of male infertility should include a detailed history and physical examination with special emphasis on the reproductive organs for evidence of proper androgenization. The history must include prescribed medications, recreational and performance-enhancing drug and alcohol use, systemic illnesses, and potential toxin exposure. A sexual history should include sexual technique and frequency of intercourse. Issues of potency must be distinguished from those of infertility or subfertiHty. 

CatUn DH, Murray TH. Performance-enhancing drugs, fair competition, and Olympic sport. JAMA 1996 276 231-7. 

Bowers LD. Abuse of performance-enhancing drugs in sport. Ther Drug Monit 2002 24 178-81. 

The Ten Most Common Errors Made with Anabolic Steroids and Performance Enhancement Drugs ... 

Q My friend said that almost all professional athlete s use performance enhancement drugs. This does not seem possible to me because they test them. Is he right Are there any natural athletes left ... 

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