Photomicrographs

Fig. XIV-16. A photomicrograph of a two-dimensional foam of a commercial ethox-ylated alcohol nonionic surfactant solution containing emulsified octane in which the oil drops have drained from the foam films into the Plateau borders. (From Ref. 234.)...

Figure Bl.4.2. (A) Basic components of an astronomical heterodyne receiver. The photomicrograph in (B) presents the heart of a quasi-optical SIS mixer and its associated superconducting timing circuits, while the image in (C) shows the fiilly assembled mixer, as it would be incorporated into a low-temperature cryostat (J Zmuidzinas, private conmumication).

Fig. 1. SEM photomicrograph of polished and thermally etched section of Norton SG sol—gel alumina abrasive grain.

Eig. 2. SEM photomicrograph of poHshed section of neat eutectic alumina-2inconia abrasive grain showiag white 2inconia ia dark alumina matrix. 

Fig. 2. Scanning electron photomicrograph of a polyester nonwoven fabric.

Particle Morphology, Size, and Distribution. Many fillers have morphological and optical characteristics that allow these materials to be identified microscopically with great accuracy, even in a single particle. Photomicrographs, descriptions, and other aids to particle identification can be found (1). 

Fig. 2ab. Photomicrographs of foam cell stmcture (a) extmded polystyrene foam, reflected light, 26 x (b) polyurethane foam, transmitted light, 26 x (c) polyurethane foam, reflected light, 12 x (d) high density plastic foam, transmitted light, 50x (22).

Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of geotextiles made by various methods (a) woven geotextile, (b) needle-punched, (c) heat-bonded, and (d) resin-bonded.

Fig. 4. (a) Photographs of fluid flow behind cylinders at increasing flow velocities top to bottom, (b) Photomicrographs of nickel—nickel bond 2ones made at increasing coUision velocities top, 1600 m/s middle, - 1900 m/s bottom, - 2500 m/s (23). 

Fig. 5. Photomicrograph of titanium, top, to carbon steel, bottom, explosion clad (100a ).

Fig. 3. Cross-section photomicrograph of a color-negative product showing the film base, the emulsion layer (the black specks are microcrystalline silver hahde grains), and a protective overcoat. The emulsion layer and overcoat are - 3.5 x 10 m thick.

Fig. 8. Scanning electron photomicrograph of mbber particles extracted from HIPS (218).

Fig. 9. Transmission electron photomicrographs of HIPS where the dark phase is OsO -stained mbber (218).

Fig. 3. Photomicrograph of spmce stone groundwood. Magnification = lOOx.

Fig. 4. (a) Photomicrograph of Douglas fir kraft pulp (b) electron micrograph of Douglas fir pulp collapsed into paper. 

Eig. 4. A transmission electron photomicrograph of an InAsSb—InSb superlattice grown by MOCVD. 

Fig. 5. Electron photomicrographs of several HIPS resins prepared using different types of mbbers.

Rubber-Modified Copolymers. Acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene polymers have become important commercial products since the mid-1950s. The development and properties of ABS polymers have been discussed in detail (76) (see Acrylonitrile polymers). ABS polymers, like HIPS, are two-phase systems in which the elastomer component is dispersed in the rigid SAN copolymer matrix. The electron photomicrographs in Figure 6 show the difference in morphology of mass vs emulsion ABS polymers. The differences in stmcture of the dispersed phases are primarily a result of differences in production processes, types of mbber used, and variation in mbber concentrations. 

Fig. 6. Electron photomicrographs of some commercial ABS resins produced by bulk, emulsion, or a mixture of the two (a) Dow ABS 340 (b) Borg-Wamer Cycolac T-1000 (c) United States Steel Kralastic 606ED, ACFXS53972 and (d) Monsanto Lustrex 1-448. Scale in (a) applies to all...

Fig. 27. Phase contrast photomicrographs showing particle formation via phase inversion.

Fig. 26. Photomicrograph of a series of cross sections of beefwood (Casuarina equisetifoUa) leaves, showing results with a variety of staining techniques.

A very important analytical tool that is overlooked by many sourcetesting personnel is the microscope. Microscopic analysis of a particulate sample can tell a great deal about the type of material collected as well as its size distribution. This analysis is necessary if the sample was collected to aid in the selechon of a piece of control equipment. All of the efficiency curves for particulate control devices are based on fractional sizes. One would not try to remove a submicron-size aerosol with a cyclone collector, but unless a size analysis is made on the sampled material, one is merely guessing at the actual size range. Figure 32-8 is a photomicrograph of material collected during a source test. 

Fig. 32-8. Photomicrograph of particulate from a source test of a wood-fired boiler.

Polarized light photomicrographs were taken of the green and calcined cokes, as well as their corresponding test graphites. The untreated extract cokes are characterized by very small amsotropic domains on the order of 3 microns or less. This type of optical structure is believed to be highly desirable for nuclear graphite applications. 

Figure 1. Optical photomicrographs of green eokes derived from WVGS 13421 pitches top, EXT middle, 75 25 EXT HEXT450 bottom, HEXT450...

Figure 1 Photomicrographs of polyethylene films 1 mm thick (a) quenched, and (b) nonquenched.

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