Photomicrographs, optical

Figure Bl.4.2. (A) Basic components of an astronomical heterodyne receiver. The photomicrograph in (B) presents the heart of a quasi-optical SIS mixer and its associated superconducting timing circuits, while the image in (C) shows the fiilly assembled mixer, as it would be incorporated into a low-temperature cryostat (J Zmuidzinas, private conmumication).

Particle Morphology, Size, and Distribution. Many fillers have morphological and optical characteristics that allow these materials to be identified microscopically with great accuracy, even in a single particle. Photomicrographs, descriptions, and other aids to particle identification can be found (1). 

Polarized light photomicrographs were taken of the green and calcined cokes, as well as their corresponding test graphites. The untreated extract cokes are characterized by very small amsotropic domains on the order of 3 microns or less. This type of optical structure is believed to be highly desirable for nuclear graphite applications. 

Figure 1. Optical photomicrographs of green eokes derived from WVGS 13421 pitches top, EXT middle, 75 25 EXT HEXT450 bottom, HEXT450...

Optical photomicrographs were taken on an Jena photomicroscope equipped with a B100 M electronic camera (Jena, Germany supplied by Acts Instruments, Peagram, TN). Illumination was provided by a Cuda Products 1-150 illuminator (Acts Instruments). The images were recorded at a shutter speed of 1/125 s on Kodak 400 ASA film. The magnification was 100X. 

Figure 2.8. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs of (a) a micro-diffractive optical element mold fabricated by a focused ion beam (FIB) and (b) the transferred optical element on a sol-gel film. [Reprinted with permission from Ref. 98.]... 

Figure 38. Optical photomicrograph of swollen images in an experimental, negative optical resist demonstrating the snaking phenomenon. Stress relief in long, narrow resist lines is achieved by the obvious, oscillatory...

Figure 1. Optical photomicrographs of benzoic acid, obtained at a magnification of lOOX, for product isolated from (a) acetone-water, (b) methanol-water, and (c) water.

Probably the two most commonly used techniques for measuring the overall quality of the composite consolidation are optical photomicrographs and through transmission C-scan. Both of these techniques can be readily adapted to measuring the degree of intimate contact at the ply interfaces. 

Fig. 6.8. (a) The spherical projection of the faces of a crystal. The numbers indicate the Miller indices of the corresponding planes, (b) Photomicrograph of a polycrystalline brass. (Reprinted with permission from Elizabeth A. Wood in Crystals and Light. An introduction to Optical Crystallography, 2nd ed., Dover, 1977, Plate lll(2) and Fig. 4.5.)... 

Aspartame is obtained as colorless needles when crystallized from water. Optical photomicrographs of aspartame monohydrate crystals have been published previously [5, 22,23], showing changes that occur upon heating or milling. 

FIGURE 7 Optical photomicrograph of a cross section of a honeycomb catalyst. The thickness of the granular material, the washcoat, can be measured with a calibrated reticle in the microscope eyepiece. 

The improved properties of modified CNTs achieved by polymerization technique, e.g. better polymer-CNT interaction, can be also detected by other techniques. As an example, we present here behavior of solutions of the prepared composites. Figure 8.8 represents photomicrographs of two different SWCNT/PS samples dissolved in toluene (right parts) and optical transmission microscopy of casted PS thin films from two different dispersions. The first one (a) represents PS solution in toluene where raw SWCNTs were only added and dispersed by ultasonication for two hours. The second (b) is... 

The image analysis of UV photomicrographs is carried out by means of a microdensitometer using an X-Y scanning stage or a TV camera. However, the absorbance value obtained may be influenced by the methods of film development or by unevenness of illumination. It is difficult to eliminate the latter completely from the optical system of a UV microscope. 

Instrumental analysis was performed with an IBM IR/32 (FTIR), Hewlett Packard 8450A UV/Vis spectrophotometer, and a Tencor Alpha Step 200 (film thickness). Photomicrographs were taken with a Reichert-Jung Polyvar-met optical microscope and electron micrographs with a Philips SEM505. 

Fig. 4.40 (See also colour plates.) Comparison of optical and SEM images of polymorphs of paracetamol grown from IMS. Upper, optical photomicrographs of Form 1 (left, scale bar = 250 p.m) and Form II (right, scale bar = 100 p.m). (From Nichols 1998, with permission.) Lower, SEM images of Form 1 (left), and Form 11 (right). (From Nichols and Frampton 1998, with permission.)...

---