Scanning electron photomicrograph

Fig. 2. Scanning electron photomicrograph of a polyester nonwoven fabric.

Fig. 8. Scanning electron photomicrograph of mbber particles extracted from HIPS (218).

Figure 1.1 Scanning electron photomicrograph of a cross section of a national newspaper comprising 90% spruce and 10% pine thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibres (45gm 2 and 8fibres thick). Scale bar = 25 fiin.

Figure 5.2 Environmental scanning electron photomicrographs of fibres of a chemically pulped (sulfite process) softwood (a) before refining and (b) after refining.

Figure 8.1 Scanning electron photomicrograph of the surfaces of (a) surface sized, and (b) coated paper. Scale bar = 50 jum.

Figure 3 Scanning electron photomicrographs of feldspar surfaces in various stages of weathering, a) Fresh surface, b) Incipient formation of shallow almond-shaped etch pits, c) Moderate development of prismatic etch pits, d) Extensive penetration of prismatic etch pits into feldspar interiors. Photographs b-d are from naturally weathered materials. All photomicrographs by Alan S. Pooley and the author.

I appreciate the assistance of the editors, an anonymous reviewer, and, especially, D. Brandt Velbel and William M. Murphy, for their comments and criticisms. Dr. Alan S. Pooley of the Yale Peabody Museum assisted in taking the scanning electron photomicrographs of Figure 3. Preparation of this review was supported by NSF grant BSR-8514328. 

Sodium starch glycolates are generally spherical, a characteristic which accounts for their good flowability [4]. Figure 1 shows the scanning electron photomicrographs (SEMs) of some the commercial sodium starch glycolates. 

FIG. 1. Scanning electron photomicrographs of sodium starch glycolates (A) Explotab, (B) Primojel, and (C) Tablo 600 X Magnification. 

FIG. 2. Scanning electron photomicrographs of croscarmelloses (A) AcDiSol, (B) Nymcel ZSX, (C) Primel-lose, and (D) Solutab 100 X Magnification. 

FIG. 3. Scanning electron photomicrographs of crospovidones (A) Crospovidone M, (B) Kollidon CL, (C) Polyplasdone XL-10, and (D) Polyplasdone XL. 150X Magnification. 

Fig. 3. Scanning electron photomicrographs of bonded PGA fiber meshes prepared by a fiber bonding method [30]. Note the formation of inter-fiber bonds at the fiber cross-points. (Reproduced with permission from [30])...

Fig. 4a, b. Scanning electron photomicrographs of amorphous poly(L-lactic acid) foams a 92% porosity and 30 pm median pore diameter b and 91% porosity and 94 pm median pore diameter. Prepared by a solvent-casting and particulate-leaching method [32] using 90 wt% sieved sodium chloride particles of size range between 0-53 pm and 106-150 pm, respectively... 

Fig. 6. Scanning electron photomicrograph of a PLGA 50 50 scaffold in the shape of a half-cylinder prepared by a melt molding method [35] using 35 wt% gelatin microspheres with diameters in the size range 300-500 pm. (Reproduced with permission from [35])...

Fig. 7a, b. Scanning electron photomicrographs of PLLA foams of pore size 250-500 pm a cross-section at low magnification after 30 days of chondrocyte culture b and on the surface at high magnification after 28 days of chondrocyte culture (Reproduced with permission from [39])... 

Figure 1. Scanning electron photomicrographs of minerals from coals. The minerals were studied and photographed by a Cambridge Stereoscan microscope with an accessory energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer at the Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Illinois. A. Pyrite framboids from the low-temperature ash of a sample from the DeKoven Coal Member. B. Pyrite cast of plant cells from the low-temperature ash of a sample from the Colchester (No. 2) Coal Member. C. Kaolinite (left) and sphalerite (right) in minerals from a cleat (vertical fracture), Herrin (No. 6) Coal Member. D. Calcite from a cleat in the Herrin (No. 6) Coal Member. E. Kaolinite books from a cleat in the Herrin (No. 6) Coal Member. F. Galena small crystals in the low-temperature ash of a sample from the DeKoven Coal Member.

Figure 3. Scanning electron photomicrographs of fly ash particulates collected on alundum thimbles used to sample the precipitator inlet and outlet and the stack...

Fig. 2. Scanning electron photomicrograph of a nonsagging tungsten filament taken after several hundred hours of operation at 2500°C in a 60-watt light bulb. (After Wittenaur, Nieh, and Wadsworth)...

Fig. 13.37 Scanning electron photomicrograph of a weld line formed during the injection molding of a polypropylene-15% EPDM blend. Surface is hexane-extracted to remove EPDM. [Reprinted by permission from, R. C. Thamm, Rubber Chem. Technol., 50, 24 (1977).]...

Figure 8 shows scanning electron photomicrographs of ion-etched surfaces of the three pure polymers. Presumably, argon-ion bombard-... 

Scanning electron photomicrographs of typical rutile titania pigments treated with various organic and inorganic coatings are provided in Figures 10.4 and 10.5. 

Figure 4. Scanning electron photomicrograph of a segment of the male antenna of the tobacco budworm moth (Hellothis vjrescens). The hair-like projections on the antenna are sensory sensilla responsible for detection of female sex pheromone. Photomicrograph by Michael Blackburn, Entomology Dept., U of MD, College Park.

Scanning electron photomicrograph of iron phosphate ceramic. 

Figure 13 A cluster of syngenetic pyrite framboids in a bituminous coal. Micrometer-sized bright grains dispersed in the cluster are crystals of clausthalite (PbSe). Scanning Electron photomicrograph, back-scattered electron image (scale bar = 10 p,m).

Unlike sodium starch glycolate, crude croscarmellose sodium particles do not flow very well because of their twisted fibrous morphology and varying lengths. Therefore, they are cryogenically milled to improve flowability. The scanning electron photomicrographs show that... 

Fig. 2 Scanning electron photomicrograph of croscarmelloses (A) AcDiSol Solutab (lOOx magnification).

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