Calcium photomicrograph

FIGURE 19.15 A photomicrograph of the cross section of the mother-of-pearl lining a mollusk shell. The composite material making up mother-nf-pearl consists of flat crystals of calcium carbonate embedded in a tough, flexible organic matrix that resists cracking. 

Fig. 4.3. Visible-light microscope photomicrograph showing pores (dark circles) in polyvinylchloride matrix membrane incorporating didecylphosphoric acid-dioctylphenylphosphonate shaken with a molar solution of calcium chloride. (From [49]. By permission of the Society of Analytical Chemistry, London.)...

The addition of a water-reducing admixture to a cement suspension can be shown to disperse the agglomerates of cement particles into smaller particles [33,38, 47] and can be seen clearly in photomicrographs as shown in Fig. 1.21. Maximum dispersion occurs at a level of 0.3-0.5% by weight of calcium lignosulfonate [33, 34] which would indicate the presence at the surface of about 0.2-0.4% calcium lignosulfonate. The separation of particles results in an increase in the surface area of the system by 30-40% [33, 38], which may explain the more rapid rate of cement hydration after the initial retardation period. 

Figure 3. SEM photomicrograph of same bone as Figure 2 cut parallel to blood vessels (dark areas). The thin bright area along the edge of the voids left by the blood vessels are calcium sulfate (gypsum or anhydrite).

Fig. 1 Photograph of (a) femoral hip stem with (b) inset of the microbeaded surface, (c) Photomicrograph of a plasma-deposited calcium phosphate coating on a hip stem (image kindly provided by Smith Nephew, Memphis, TN, USA), (d) Dental implant with (e) inset showing a titanium plasma-sprayed surface coating...

Figure 7. Photomicrograph of thin section of the Cold Creek Unit in cross-polarized light The upper portion is dominated by voids (in black) and popcom-shaped growth of secondary calcium carbonate. The lower portion is dominated by lithic fragments of different mineral compositions and few...

The calcium fluoride and stabilized zirconia were blended in a cone blender for 12 hr and then ball milled for 24 hr in a cemented carbide mill with steel balls. Most zirconia particles were well distributed, although agglomeration could be observed in a few places, as will be seen in the photomicrographs. 

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