Graphite nuclear

R. E. Nightingale, Nuclear Graphite, Academic Press, New York, 1962. 

Polarized light photomicrographs were taken of the green and calcined cokes, as well as their corresponding test graphites. The untreated extract cokes are characterized by very small amsotropic domains on the order of 3 microns or less. This type of optical structure is believed to be highly desirable for nuclear graphite applications. 

Data have been published for CFCs whos thermal conductivities are similar to nuclear graphites, and show degradation similar to that expected from the graphite literature. For example, Burchell [24] has shown that the saturation thermal conductivity for a 3-directional composite (FMI-222, = 200 W/m-K) is 40%... 

Table 4. Physical and mechanical properties of some common nuclear graphites[l 1-19]...

Romanoski, G.R. and Burchell, T.D., The effect of specimen geometry and size on the fracture toughness of nuclear graphites. In Proceeding of the IAEA Specialists meeting on the Status of Graphite Development for Gas Cooled Reactors, lAEA-TECHDOC-690, IAEA, Vienna, 1993, pp. 241 247. 

Haag, G., Mindermann, D. and Wagner, M.H., Nuclear graphites on their way to their next application. In Proc. 18th Biennial Conf. on Carbon, 1987,517 518. 

Nightingale, R.E., Stored energy. In Nuclear Graphite, ed. R. E. Nightingale. Academic Press, New York, 1962, pp. 325 353. 

Ishiyama, S., Burchell, T.D., Strizak, J.P. and Eto, M., The effect of high fluence neutron irradiation on the properties of a fine-grained isotropic nuclear graphite, J. Nucl. Mater., 1996, 230, 1 7. 

Burchcll, T.D., Pickup, I.M., McEnancy, B. and Cooke, R.G., The relationship between microstructure and the reduction of clastic modulus in thermally and radiolytically corroded nuclear graphites, Carbon, 1986, 24, 545 549. 

Rose and Tucker applied their fracture model to Sleeve graphite, an extmded, medium-grain, pitchcoke nuclear graphite used for fuel sleeves in the UK AGR (see Chapter 13). The performance of the model was disappointing the predicted... 

Broeklehurst [37] has written an exhaustive review of the early work (prior to 1977) on fracture in polyerystalline graphite. Mueh of this work foeused on the fraeture behavior of nuclear graphites. In most investigations eonsidered, conventional fracture meehanies tests and analysis were performed for maeroseopie craeks. LEFM provided an adequate eriterion for failure. Additionally, results on work of fraeture, strain energy release rate, and fatigue eraek propagation were reported. 

The mode I fraeture toughness, for nearly all nuclear graphites falls in the range 0.75 MPa /in to 1.5MPa /ni. 

Fracture Behavior of Small Flaws in Nuclear Graphites... 

Fig. 16. Fracture strength versus crack length diagram illustrating the failure / non-failure boundary for fracture of a nuclear graphite.

T. D. Burchcll. Studies of Fracture in Nuclear Graphite, Ph.D Thesis, University of Bath, UK, 1986. 

T. D. Burchell. A Microstructurally Based Fracture Model for Nuclear Graphites. In Proc. IAEA Specialist s Meeting on Status of Graphite Development for Cos Cooled Heac/ors, Told-Mura, Japan, Sept 1991, IAEA TECDOC No. 690, Pub. IAEA, Vienna, 1993, pp. 49 58. 

T. D. Burchell and J. P. Strizak. Modelling the Tensile Strength of H-451 Nuclear Graphite. In Proc. 21 Biennial Conf on Carbon, Buffalo NY, USA.. Pub. American Carbon Society, 1993, pp. 687 688. 

T. D. Burchell, M. O. Tucker and B. McEnaney. Qualitative and Quantitative Studies of Fracture in Nuclear Graphites, Materials for nuclear reactor core applications. BNES, London, 1987, pp. 95-103. 

G. Neighbour, B. McEnaney and M. Philips. Acoustic emission responses from cyclic loading of a nuclear graphite. Carbon, 1992, 30(3), 359 363. 

T. D. Burchell, A. P. G. Rose and B. McEnaney. Acoustic emission from irradiated nuclear graphite. J. Nucl. Mater., 1986, 140(1), 11 18. 

G. R. Romanoski and T. D. Burchell, Specimen Size Effect an Fracture Toughness of Nuclear Graphites, Extended Abstracts and Program - 20 Biennial Conference on Carbon, Pub. Electrochemical Society, 1991 pp 584 585... 

T. D. Burchell, I. Oku and M. Eto, A Comparison of Fracture Toughness Measurement Techniques as Applied to Nuclear Graphites, Extended Abstracts and Program, International Carbon Conference, 1990, pp 278 279... 

T.D. Burchell and. T. Oku and M. Eto. A comparison of fracture toughness measurement techniques as applied to nuclear graphite. In Proc. Carbone 90, Paris, France. Pub. Groupe Francais D etude des Carbones, 1990. pp. 278 279. 

The majority of carbons produced for commercial use, that is as electrodes and nuclear graphite, are produced from cokes, coals or existing natural or synthetic graphite as follows ... 

---