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Photography, chemistry

Bergthaller P. Couplers in colour photography -chemistry and function part 2. Imaging Sci J 2002 50(3) 187-229. [Pg.238]

Studies of surfaces and surface properties can be traced to the early 1800s [1]. Processes that involved surfaces and surface chemistry, such as heterogeneous catalysis and Daguerre photography, were first discovered at that time. Since then, there has been a continual interest in catalysis, corrosion and other chemical reactions that involve surfaces. The modem era of surface science began in the late 1950s, when instmmentation that could be used to investigate surface processes on the molecular level started to become available. [Pg.283]

Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. Iodides, and thyroxine which contains iodine, are used internally in medicine, and as a solution of KI and iodine in alcohol is used for external wounds. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element. [Pg.123]

Dry-Film Resists Based on Radical Photopolymerization. Photoinitiated polymerization (PIP) is widely practiced ia bulk systems, but special measures must be taken to apply the chemistry ia Hthographic appHcations. The attractive aspect of PIP is that each initiator species produced by photolysis launches a cascade of chemical events, effectively forming multiple chemical bonds for each photon absorbed. The gain that results constitutes a form of "chemical amplification" analogous to that observed ia silver hahde photography, and illustrates a path for achieving very high photosensitivities. [Pg.117]

The thiosulfate ion, 820 is a stmctural analogue of the sulfate ion where one oxygen atom is replaced by one sulfur atom. The two sulfur atoms of thiosulfate thus are not equivalent. Indeed, the unique chemistry of the thiosulfate ion is dominated by the sulfide-like sulfur atom which is responsible for both the reducing properties and complexing abiUties. The abiUty of thiosulfates to dissolve silver haUdes through complex formation is the basis for their commercial appHcation in photography (qv). [Pg.26]

The technology of instant photography has been extended to include the appHcation of similar chemistry to films wherein processing is delayed for a time after exposure. Whereas the multistep darkroom processes used for noninstant color films require precise time and temperature control, the instant processes require Htde or no timing and operate over a wide range of temperatures. [Pg.485]

The first one-step print process was introduced by Land in 1947 (3). A comprehensive account of one-step photography detailing the development of instant black-and-white and color processes from 1944 through 1976 is available (4). Subsequent developments in instant photography and related reprographic processes through 1988 have also been described (5). A review of the chemistry of a number of instant color processes may be found in Reference 6. [Pg.485]

In addition to its uses in photography and medicine, iodine and its compounds have been much exploited in volumetric analysis (iodometry and iodimetry, p. 864). Organoiodine compounds have also played a notable part in the development of synthetic organic chemistry, being the first compounds used in A. W. von Hofmann s alkylation of amines (1850), A. W. Williamson s synthesis of ethers (1851), A. Wurtz s coupling reactions (1855) and V. Grignard s reagents (1900). [Pg.794]

This series in heterocychc chemistry is being introduced to collectively make available critically and comprehensively reviewed hterature scattered in various journals as papers and review articles. All sorts of heterocyclic compounds originating from synthesis, natural products, marine products, insects, etc. will be covered. Several heterocyclic compounds play a significant role in maintaining life. Blood constituents hemoglobin and purines, as well as pyrimidines, are constituents of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA). Several amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, alkaloids, antibiotics, etc. are also heterocyclic compounds that are essential for life. Heterocyclic compounds are widely used in clinical practice as drugs, but all applications of heterocyclic medicines can not be discussed in detail. In addition to such applications, heterocyclic compounds also find several applications in the plastics industry, in photography as sensitizers and developers, and the in dye industry as dyes, etc. [Pg.9]

Photography has become an almost routine part of life. The front page of every newspaper contains several photos, often in color. Tourists the world over capture memories of their trips on photographic film. All photographic films rely on the redox chemistry of silver to capture an image on film. [Pg.1476]

The most valuable bromine compound probably is silver bromide, which is the light-absorbing species on which most film photography is based (see Box 20.2, Chemistry and Technology, on page 895). Bromine compounds are also used extensively as fire retardants, particularly in carpets, rugs, and clothing... [Pg.1542]

The book is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 describes photo-chromic materials which have critical applications in memory technology. These compounds generally are activated by light. Chapter 2 covers leuco quinones which, in many cases, when oxidized, have their absorption maxima in the near-infrared region. Chapter 3 describes leuco dyes of a common group of compounds—oxazine, thiazine, and phenazines—that have found applications in color photography. Chapters 4-6 describe arylmethine-type compounds that can be triggered to dyes by common chemistry. Chapter 7 describes a special class of leuco dyes, namely, tetra-... [Pg.313]

Bergthaller, P. W. Silver Halide Photography. In Chemistry and Technology of Printing and Imaging Systems Gregory, P., Ed. Blackie London, 1996 pp 35-75. [Pg.578]

Dyes were the basis of American I. G. Chemical s entire business, just as dyes were the financial and scientific wellspring of all the Farben companies. Yet in a brief memo Farben s president let the American I. G. go. This poetic magnanimity — unless it concealed a desperate gamble of some kind — was more typical of an artist-scientist than of a financial wizard. One might not have been surprised at a show of generosity from, say, the Farben director who founded the photo-chemistry whose cameras were sold around the world under the Agfa-Ansco trademark. He had helped to develop color photography, too. At the trial, he testified ... [Pg.7]

Studies of small metal clusters have shown that a latent image consists of a minimum of four silver atoms. These small clusters of silver atoms completely control the chemistry of photography. During development of the film, only those crystallites containing a latent image react, and these are completely reduced to metallic silver. It becomes apparent that the presence of just one small cluster of four silver atoms determines whether the crystallite can react with developer or not. [Pg.61]

Palladium(II) chloride Pd " + CP —> PdCfy This compound is a dark brown color and is used to coat other metals without the need for electrolysis. It is also used in photography, to make indelible inks, and as a catalyst in analytical chemistry (used to speed up or slow down chemical reactions). [Pg.139]

Sodium acetate is a mordant in dyeing. Other applications are in photography, as an additive to food, in purification of glucose, in preservation of meat, in tanning, and as a dehydrating agent. In analytical chemistry it is used to prepare buffer solution. [Pg.852]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.74 , Pg.75 , Pg.76 , Pg.77 , Pg.78 , Pg.79 , Pg.80 , Pg.81 , Pg.82 , Pg.83 ]




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