Photography instant

The technology of instant photography has been extended to include the appHcation of similar chemistry to films wherein processing is delayed for a time after exposure. Whereas the multistep darkroom processes used for noninstant color films require precise time and temperature control, the instant processes require Htde or no timing and operate over a wide range of temperatures. 

The first one-step print process was introduced by Land in 1947 (3). A comprehensive account of one-step photography detailing the development of instant black-and-white and color processes from 1944 through 1976 is available (4). Subsequent developments in instant photography and related reprographic processes through 1988 have also been described (5). A review of the chemistry of a number of instant color processes may be found in Reference 6. 

The technical and industrial markets for instant photography continue to grow in diversity. In 1991 such appHcations accounted for approximately one-third of the worldwide sales, 60% of which were outside the United States (107). 

Cellulosic receiving layers, in instant photography, 19 281-282 Cellulosics... 

Instant images, formation of, 19 278-279 Instant imaging processes, black-and-white, 19 279-282 Instant photography, 19 273-329 applications for, 19 322 black-and-white diffusion transfer reversal processes, 19 283 digital/instant film imaging systems, 19 321... 

Instant photography (e.g. of the Polaroid type) also relies indirectly on the silver halide process but here the reduced Ag (metallic silver) acts as a reducing agent to modify the solubility properties of a dye. The dye is linked covalently to a molecule such as a quinone (Figure 6.5), which is insoluble in water. When this is reduced to hydroquinone, it becomes soluble in alkaline solutions. The principle of this photographic process is the following ... 

Color Instant Photography Division, Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Co., 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, NY 14650, USA... 

Exclusion by patent protection (e.g., as in many chemical processes or instant photography). 

Instant photography (Edwin Herbert Land) Land develops the simple process to make sheets of polarizing material. He perfects the Polaroid camera in 1972. 

Polaroid s film product technology was initially developed and manufactured by Kodak until Kodak decided it needed a comparable product and this required the invention of a different type of development chemistry. In Kodak s PR 10 Instant Colour films a B and W developer was used and its oxidised form, created by silver development, oxidised an immobile molecule called a redox dye releaser, which then released a mobile dye [35]. Where development occurred dye was released to a receiving layer and this required new positive working emulsions, described in Sect. 11.2.4. The arrival of digital photography provided an alternative to the gratification of instant photography without the limitations and expense of instant films so they have all but disappeared. 

Hanson WT (1976) A fundamentally new imaging technology for instant photography. Photogr Sci Eng 20 155-160... 

Blout, Elkan, Instant Photography, Chemical Heritage, Spring, 2003. 

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