Phosphorus compounds names

By analogy with phosphorus compounds, name the following Na3As04, FI3ASO4, Mg3(Sb04)2. 

Phosphorus Compounds. Acyclic phosphorus compounds containing only one phosphorus atom, as well as compounds in which only a single phosphorus atom is in each of several functional groups, are named as derivatives of the parent structures listed in Table 1.12. Often these... 

Phosphorus compounds occur widely in nature, with some of the most common forms being phosphate rocks and minerals, bones, and teeth. Phosphate minerals include calcium phosphate, Ca3(P04)2 apatite, Ca5(P04)30H fluoroapatite, Ca5(P04)3F and chloroapatite, Ca5(P04)3Cl. Elemental phosphorus was first obtained by H. Brand, and its name is derived from two Greek words meaning "light" and "I bear" because of the phosphorescence of white phosphorus due to slow oxidation. 

The nomenclature used for phosphorus chalcogen containing molecules is often inconsistent in the literature, with several different naming schemes in current use. Hence for clarity, the naming system employed for the main chalcogen-phosphorus compounds in this chapter is detailed in Figure 1. 

Figure 1 Nomenclature of phosphorus-chalcogen compounds (names in brackets refer to the anionic deprotonatedform). R = alkyl, aryl E — S, Se, Te...

Quite often, we find nonsystematic nomenclature used in the literature dealing with organophosphorus compounds. This results in unnecessary confusion, as systematic nomenclature is easy to use and understand. Nomenclature based on the oxidation state of the phosphorus center eliminates the confusion and helps to promote understanding of the chemistry as well as to facilitate communication. Table 1.1 shows structures for tricoordinate and tetracoordinate phosphorus compounds related to oxyacids with their English general names. Also noted are the names for simple esters of the parent acids. They are organized based on oxidation state and the number of bonds of the carbon-phosphorus type. 

In contrast to A5-phosphorus-substituted diazo derivatives, which have been known for a long time,22 the synthesis of the first o -diazophosphine was reported as recently as 1985.23 This compound, namely the [bis(diiso-propylamino)phosphino](trimethylsilyl)diazomethane la, was obtained by treatment of the lithium salt of trimethylsilyldiazomethane with 1 equiv of bis(diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine. 

As discussed in previous sections, high-valent carbene complexes of early transition metals have ylide-like, nucleophilic character. Some Schrock-type carbene complexes react with carbonyl compounds in the same manner as do phosphorus ylides, namely by converting the carbonyl group into an alkene. 

Compound Name Ammonium Oxalate Ammonium Oxalate Ammonium Pentaborate Ammonium Pentaborate Zinc Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Perchlorate Ammonium Persulfate Ammonium Persulfate Ammonium Phosphate Ammonium Phosphate Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Silicofluoride Ammonium Stearate Ammonium Sulfamate Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Sulfide Ammonium Sulfide Ammonium Sulfide Ammonium Sulfite Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Tartrate Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Thiosulfate Zinc Ammonium Chloride Phosphorus, Red Ammonium Sulfamate Amyl Acetate Amyl Acetate N-Amyl Alcohol N-Amyl Alcohol Valeraldehyde Hexanol... 

Compound Name Phosphorus, Red Phosphorus, White Phosphorus Oxychloride Phosphorus Oxychloride Calcium Phosphide Phthalic Anhydride Isophthalic Acid Phthalic Anhydride Benzyl N-Butyl Phthalate Di-N-Amyl Phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate Diethyl Phthalate Diheptyl Phthalate Diiscoecyl Phthalate Di-N-Amyl Phthalate Diootyl Phthalate Diiscoedyl Phthalate Phthalic Anhydride Chloropicrin, Liquid Cyclohexanone Piperazine Piperazine Nitralin... 

Compound Name Polypropylene Glycol Tetrahydrofuran Dimethyl Sulfide N-Butyl Mercaptan Thiophosgene Ammonium Thiocyanate Ethyl Mercaptan Methyl Mercaptan Thiophosgene Phosphorus Pentasulfide Thiram Thiram... 

Compound Name Phosphorus, White Zinc Acetate Zinc Acetate... 

Another system, which is also allowed by IUPAC and is sometimes very convenient (but which should be avoided when official names are established by IUPAC and cited in Chemical Abstracts), is the so-called a -nomenclature, in which the term phospha indicates replacement of carbon by phosphorus, e.g. phosphacyclohexane = phosphorinane, and phosphabenzene = A3- phosphorin. Five-coordinate phosphorus compounds are called phos-phoranes. However, this name is also used for phosphorus ylides with a four-coordinate phosphorus and a more or less polar R3f—CX moiety or a d -p R3P=CX double bond, e.g. methylenetriphenylphosphorane = triphenylphosphorus methylene ylide or tri-phenylphosphonium methyl ylide, Ph3P=CH2 = Ph3P—CH2. 

Unfortunately the name phosphorane according to IUPAC (and Chemical Abstracts) nomenclature is not restricted to phosphorus compounds with five covalent bonded ligands,... 

The use of -ous. -ic. per-, hypo-, ortho-, and meta- should be restricted to those compounds and to their derivatives their anions are named by changing -ous into -ite and -ic into -ate. In addition, and exceptionally, sulfur and phosphorus compounds lose the... 

The arrangement of the syntheses in the first part of Volume XIV is divided into three chapters, namely, Phosphorus Compounds, Non-Transition-Metal Compounds, and Transition-Metal Compounds. The reader is advised to seek particular compounds in the subject or formula indexes. The indexes at the end of this volume are cumulative from Volume XI through Volume XIV. 

Recently, another class of neutral organophosphorus compounds, namely, N,N-dialkyl carbamoyl methyl phosphonate (CMP) (59) and its phosphine oxide analog (CMPO) have received attention due to their ability to extract even trivalent actinides from acidic solutions along with the hexa- and tetravalent actinide ions. These biden-tate phosphorus-based neutral extractants are reported to be stronger extractants as compared to TOPO (59-62). Pu(IV) and U(VI) are extracted as per the following extraction equilibria ... 

Although the number of dicoordinated phosphorus compounds with a -Pxix=C bond is fairly large, compounds with a-Pxn=N bond are still few in number since only one heterocycle, namely 1,2,4,3-triazaphosphole ( 1 ), and two types of acyclic compounds, namely the diazaphosphapropenes (2) and the tetrazaphosphapentenes ( ), are known ... 

Aryl-l,2,4-dithiazole-3-thiones react with phenylacetylene giving two compounds, namely, A-(4-aryl-l,3-dithiol-2-ylidene) thiobenz-amide (52) and 2,5-diaryl- 1,6,6a IV-trithia-3-azapentalene, which may also be considered as AT-(5-aryl-l -dithiohS-ylideneJthiobenz-amide (53). This compound is converted into the corresponding benzamide (54) by mercuric acetate oxidation, the opposite reaction being realized with phosphorus pentasulfide.79... 

As its name implies, nitrogen/phosphorus detector (NPD) is sensitive to nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The detector is similar to an FID, but uses a heated rubidium silicate bead in place of a hydrogen/air flame to generate ions. Nitrogen-and phosphorus-containing compounds such as pesticides cause the bead to emit... 

Probably the most important phosphorus compound (excluding phosphate fertilizers) is orthophosphoric acid, H3PO4. This is the acid intended when the name phosphoric acid is used in most contexts. Approximately 26 billion pounds of this compound are produced annually. The usual commercial form of the acid is a solution containing 85% acid. 

A few years ago the workers interested in phosphorus compounds felt the need of imiform nomenclature, at least among English-speaking chemists. They foimd what seemed an insurmoimtable obstacle in the different approaches used in naming these compounds. Finally a compromise solution was offered and it was agreed to work on that basis. The rules so far have been limited to monophosphorus compoimds (2). 

These names are very useful for indexes. The names are in use in British literature and will be used more and more in the ACS journals. European chemists have diflBculty in converting the names into their languages, and have made some counter proposals. It will take time to solve all the problems in the nomenclature of phosphorus compounds, especially for polyphosphorus compounds. 

Utilization of phosphate monoesters by microalgae and bacteria is effected by phosphomonoesterases (phosphatases) of broad specificity present at the cell surface. Hydrolytic release of PO4- from sugar phosphates, nucleotide phosphates, phospholipids, and phenyl phosphates, to name a few, enables a wide variety of phosphorus containing compounds to be utilized as phosphorus sources for growth of microbes. Ultrastructural observations and results from biochemical experiments indicate that extracellular phosphatases cleave the phosphate moiety from dissolved organic phosphorus compounds, which is then internalized, leaving the carbon skeleton outside the cell (Kuenzler and Perras, 1965 Doonan and Jensen, 1977). 

The ester fluorides of phosphoric acid and phosphonic adds were the earliest known examples of biologically active phosphorus compounds. Sarin (2) and soman (3), previously mentioned, did not attain practical importance because of their high toxicity, but they were the starting point for the development of other derivatives more suitable for agricultural purposes. Within this framework Schrader developed N,N,N, N -tetramethyl phosphorodiamidofluoridate (14), which is used under the name dimefox. It is produced by the reaction of phosphoryl chloride with dimethylamine and the subsequent interaction of the phosphoro-chloridate formed with sodium fluoride (Schrader, 1947). 

Besides co-halo- and co-hydroxyalkyl-substituted phosphorus compounds, both C- and P-acid chlorides of mixed phosphonoalkyl-substituted carboxylic acids are inclined to intramolecular cyclization, yielding intracyclic anhydrides of these acids, namely 2,5-dioxo-l,2-oxaphospholanes 78 (Scheme 46) [100-103], Reasonably, C-acid halides undergo cyclization more rapidly than their P-analogues. Moreover, as... 

Compounds consisting of two elements, or of an element and a radical only, binary compounds, are designated by compound names made up of the name of the more electro-positive, followed by that of the more electro-negative, in which the termination ide has been substituted for tbe terminations ine. on, ogen, ygm, orus, turn, and ur. For example the compound of potassium and chlorine is called potassium chloride, that of potassium and oxygen, potassium oxide, that of potassium and phosphorus, potassium phosphide. 

Technical name means a recognized chemical name currently used in scientific and technical handbooks, journals and texts. Generic descriptions authorized for use as technical names are. Organic phosphate compound. Organic phosphorus compound. Organic phosphate compound mixture. Organic phosphorus compound mixture. Methyl para-thion. 

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