Ammonium sulfamate

Since ammonium sulfamate is required as the starting material for the recommended procedure, directions for its preparation are also given. 

Purified sulfamic acid (synthesis 52) is readily soluble in liquid ammonia. Spontaneous evaporation of the solvent leaves a residue of ammonium sulfamate in practically quantitative yield. 

If liquid ammonia is not available, the ammonium sulfamate may be obtained by neutralization of sulfamic, acid with aqueous ammonia. During the process of evaporation, the solution should be kept distinctly ammoniacal to prevent hydrolysis. 

Ammonium sulfamate, (m.p. 131°) is extremely soluble in water and in liquid ammonia. It is somewhat soluble in hot ethanol. 

Hanhijarvi H, Ylinen M, Kojo A, Kosma VM Elimination and toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid during subchronic administration in the Wistar rat. Pharmacol Toxicol 61(l) 66-68, 1987 

Pastoor TP, Lee KP, Perri MA, Gillies PJ Biochemical and morphological studies of ammonium perfluorooctanoate-induced hepatomegaly and peroxisome proliferation. Exp Mol Pathol 47 98-109, 1987 

Kennedy GL Jr, Hall GT, Barnes JR, Chen HC Inhalation toxicity of ammonium per-fluorooctanoate. Food Chem Toxicol 24 1325-1329, 1986 

Kennedy GL Jr Dermal toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 81 348-355, 1985 

Staples RE, Burgess BA, Kerns WD The embryo-fetal toxicity and teratogenic potential of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APLO) in the rat. Fundam Appl Toxicol 4 429-440, 1984 

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Metal Organics and Inorganics. The metal organic herbicides are arsenicals used for the selective, post-emergence control of grass and broadleaved weeds in cropland and noncroplands. These herbicides are particularly usehil for weed control in cotton and turf crops (2,296,294). CacodyUc acid is a contact herbicide used for nonselective weed control in cropland and noncropland (299). Ammonium sulfamate [7773-06-0] (AMS) is an inorganic herbicide used for control of woody plants and herbaceous perennials (2). 

Aqueous sulfamic acid solutions are quite stable at room temperature. At higher temperatures, however, acidic solutions and the ammonium salt hydroly2e to sulfates. Rates increase rapidly with temperature elevation, lower pH, and increased concentrations. These hydrolysis reactions are exothermic. Concentrated solutions heated in closed containers or in vessels having adequate venting can generate sufficient internal pressure to cause container mpture. An ammonium sulfamate, 60 wt % aqueous solution exhibits mnaway hydrolysis when heated to 200°C at pH 5 or to 130°C at pH 2. The danger is minimised in a weU-vented container, however, because the 60 wt % solution boils at 107°C (8,10). Hydrolysis reactions are ... 

Amides react ia certain cases to form ammonium salts of sulfonated amides (22). For example, treatment with ben2amide yields ammonium A/-ben2oylsulfamate [83930-12-5] C H CONHSO NH, and treatment with ammonium sulfamate yields dianmioiiiumimidodisulfonate [13597-84-17, HN(S020NH 2 Ammonium sulfamate or sulfamic acid and ammonium carbonate dehydrate Hquid or soHd amides to nitriles (27). 

The yield of sulfamic acid varies with operating conditions. An overall yield of about 90% is obtained in the Nissan process. Losses are approximately 6% in the reaction stage, 3% in recrystaUization, and 1% in other sections. The manufacture of ammonium sulfamate also is described in German and Japanese patents (47,48). 

Ammonium sulfamate is also produced and commercially available in Japan. It is packed in 25-kg net weight paper bags and 500-kg resinous dexible containers. The tmddoad price (fob Japan) is 1.5— 3/kg. Other sulfamates, eg, nickel sulfamate and aluminum sulfamate, are commercially available. The primary salts manufactured from sulfamic acid in the United States are the ammonium and nickel sulfamates. These salts of sulfamic acid are used mainly in electroplating. 

Toxicity data for the acid are as follows oral LD q (i ts), 1600 mg/kg and oral LD q (mice), 3100 mg/kg (49). The physiological effects of sulfamic acid and ammonium sulfamate are described in Reference 50. 

Ammonium Sulfamate. A number of flame retardants used for ceUulosic materials, including fabrics and paper products, are based on ammonium sulfamate (56). These products are water-soluble and therefore nondurable if treated fabrics are washed or exposed to weathering conditions. For most fabric and paper constmctions, efficient flame retardancy can be provided with no apparent effect on color or appearance and without stiffening or adverse effects on the feel of the fabrics. A wide variety of materials are treated, including ha2ardous work-area clothing, drapes, curtains, decorative materials, blankets, sheets, and specialty industrial papers (57). 

Ammonium sulfamate is highly effective in nonselective herbicides to control weeds, bmsh, stumps, and trees (58) (see Herbicides). 

Palladium and Palladium Alloys. Palladium is used in telephone equipment and in electronics appHcations as a substitute for gold in specific areas. Palladium is plated from ammoniacal and acid baths available along with chelated variations as proprietary processes. One typical alkaline bath uses 8 g/L diammine-dinitropalladium, 100 g/L ammonium nitrate, and 10 g/L sodium nitrite. The pH is adjusted to 9—10 using ammonium hydroxide, and the bath is operated at 100 A/m at 50° C. If ammonium sulfamate, 100 g/L, is used in some baths to replace the nitrate and sodium nitrite salts, the bath is mn at lower temperature, 25—35°C, and a pH of 7.5—8.5. A palladium—nickel alloy, 75% Pd, is plated from a bath having 6 g/L palladium from the same salt, 3 g/L nickel from nickel sulfamate concentrate, and 90 g/L ammonium hydroxide. The bath is operated at 20—40°C with 50-100 A/m/... 

The use of guanidine for cyclization gives amino substituted derivatives (e.g. 212) (52CB1012), and in this case o-aminonitriles may be used to furnish diamines (e.g. 8UOC1394). An unusual reaction involving nitriles occurred during the preparation of nicotinonitrile from the amide and ammonium sulfamate, when a 60% yield of the dimeric by-product (213) was formed via the nitrile (69BSB289). Similar products have been obtained from... 

Ammonium sulfamate [7773-06-0] M 114.1, m 132-135 , dec at 160 . Crystd from water at room temperature (ImL/g) by adding EtOH and cooling. 

AMIBEN , chloramben, 12 Amichem Corporation, 168 AMICIDE , ammonium sulfamate, 12 AMIGAN , ametryn + terbutryn, 12 Amines and Plasticizers Ltd., 168... 

Phethenylate sodium Ammonium chloride Cyclofenil Methionine Ammonium sulfate Aminobenzoic acid Fibrinolysin Ammonium sulfamate Cyclamate calcium Ammonium thiocyanate Acetazolamide Clonidine HCl Tolonidine nitrate 2oxazo lamina d-Amphetamine Tanphetamin Ampicillin Mezlocillin Talampicillin... 

The stopping solution composition was based on experiments showing that lowering the pH from 9 to 5 to 1 reduced formation of cis-DMNM, perhaps because this prevented elution of the amine from the column, and that addition of ammonium sulfamate lowered cis-DMNM formation, relative to the situation where ascorbate alone was used as a nitrite trap. The hexane wash of the column was introduced to remove a large peak near the solvent front in the GC-TEA, perhaps due to neutral fats. Using the described procedure, the recovery of 70-160 ng NMOR added to 2 g semisynthetic diet was 92 + 19% (mean + S.D. for 13 measurements). The recovery of 227 ng NMOR from 5-8 g whole mouse homogenate using the Iqbal method was 101 + 57% for 7 measurements. 

Interaction of nitrites when heated with metal amidosulfates (sulfamates) may become explosively violent owing to liberation of nitrogen and steam. Mixtures with ammonium sulfamate form ammonium nitrite which decomposes violently around 80°C. 

Fyran J3 1 2 Crown Metro Inc. Ammonium Sulfamate/Water Nondurable... 

Synthesis of Immunogen Chlordiazepoxide as suspension inN-methylformamide is treated with HC1 in dioxane to yield a pale-yellow solution. The resulting mixture is cooled to -30 °C and isoamyl nitrite in dioxane is added. The solution is stirred at - 30° to - 40 °C and aqueous ammonium sulfamate is added with continuous stirring. 

Ricci, J.E. and Selikson, B. Aqueous solubilities of some sulfamates, and the system ammonium sulfamate-sulfamic acid-water... 

Ammonium dinitramide has been synthesized from the nitration of ammonium sulfamate with strong mixed acid at -35 to -45 °C followedby neutralization of the resulting dinitraminic acid with ammonia. The yield is 45 % when the mole ratios of sulfuric acid to nitric acid is 2 1 and ammonium sulfamate to total acid is 1 6. The nitration of other sulfonamide derivatives, followed by hydrolysis with metal hydroxides, also yields dinitramide salts. ... 

The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-weighted average (TLV-TWA) for ammonium sulfamate is lOmg/mh... 

Ambrose AM Studies on the physiological effects of sulfamic acid and ammonium sulfamate. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25 26-28, 1943... 

Toxicology. Ammonium sulfamate is of low toxicity there are no reports of systemic effects in humans. 

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