Phosphate esters, classification

In a fully synthetic oil, there is almost certainly some mineral oil present. The chemical components used to manufacture the additive package and the viscosity index improver (VI) contain mineral oil. When all these aspects are considered, it is possible for a "fully synthetic" engine oil to surpass mineral oil (Shubkin, 1993). Synthetic oils fall into general ASTM classification (a) synthetic hydrocarbons (poly-a-olefins, alkylated aromatics, cycloaliphatics) (b) organic esters (dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyesters) (c) other fluids (polyalkylene glycols, phosphate esters, silicates, silicones, polyphenyl esters, fluorocarbons). 

The first aircraft hydraulic fluid was castor oil based. Modern aircraft now use one of two broad classifications of hydraulic fluid, hydrocarbon based or phosphate ester based. 

Classification Organic phosphate ester Empirical C57H104O8 PO4 Properties Anionic... 

Synonyms Pareth-25-2 PEG-2 Cl 2-15 alcohol Classification Linear alcohol ethoxylate Definition PEG ether of a mixt. of syn. C12-15 fatty alcohols with avg. 2 moles EO Properties Nonionic Toxicoiogy TSCA listed Uses Emulsifier, dispersant for cosmetics intermediate for phosphate esters and sulfation textile fiber lubricant/antistat Trade Name Synonyms Nikkol BD-2 [Nikko Chems. Co. Ltd... 

Classification Linear alcohol ethoxylate Properties Nonionic Uses Detergent emulsifier textile lubricant/antistat filter cake dewatering intermediate for phosphate ester prod., carboxymethylate mfg. 

Disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate. See Sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate. See Sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate Disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate. See Sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate Disodium hydroxydecyl sorbitol citrate Synonyms Citric acid, 6-(2-hydroxydecyloxy)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl ester Classification Organic compd. 

Ethyl acid phosphate CAS 598-02-7 EINECS/ELINCS 209-912-5 Synonyms Diethyl hydrogen phosphate Diethyl phosphate Diethyl phosphate (mono- and di-) Diethyl phosphoric acid 0,0-Diethylphosphoric acid Phosphoric acid, diethyl ester Classification Organo-phosphate Empirical C4H11O4P... 

Sodium steareth-4 phosphate CAS 57829-61-5 87666-99-7 Definition Sodium sait of a compiex mixture of phosphate esters of steareth-4 Uses Emulsifier in cosmetics Sodium stearoamphoacetate CAS 30473-39-3 68608-63-9 68298-17-9 EINECS/ELINCS 250-215-0 269-543-0 Synonyms IH-lmidazolium, 1-(carboxymethyl)-2-heptadecyl-4,5-dihydro-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, hydroxide, disodium salt Sodium N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-[2-[(1 -oxooctadecyl) amino] ethyl] glycinate Stearoamphoacetate Stearoamphoglycinate Classification Amphoteric organic compd. Empirical C24H48N2O4 Na Formula ... 

The class of specialty plasticizers includes a variety of different products, which share two things in common they are used in relatively few applications and are usually available at often significant price premiums over GP plasticizers. Consequently they are used in those applications where the added performance benefits are required and the ultimate customer is willing to pay extra for that added performance. Examples of plasticizers in this classification would include polymeric plasticizers, epoxides, phosphate esters, citrates, brominated phthalate esters, polyol ester plasticizers, and a variety of natural product based plasticizers. 

Synonyms Castor oil monophosphate Classification Organic phosphate ester Ionic Nature Anionic Empirical C57H104O8 ... 

Synonyms 1-Hexadecanol, dIhydrogen phosphate Hexadecyl dihydrogen phosphate Hexadecyl phosphate Classification Organic phosphate ester Definition MIxt. of esters of phosphoric acid and cetyl alcohol Ionic Nature Anionic Empirical C.0H3SO4P Properties Powd, or flakes Toxicology TSCA listed... 

ADP AFP ab as ALAT AP ASAT ATP BQ BSA CEH CK CME COD con A CV d D E E EC ECME EDTA EIA /e FAD FET FIA G GOD G6P-DH HBg HCG adenosine diphosphate a-fetoprotein antibody antigen alanine aminotranferase alkaline phosphatase aspartate aminotransferase adenosine triphosphate benzoquinone bovine serum albumin cholesterol ester hydrolase creatine kinase chemically modified electrode cholesterol oxidase concanavalin A coefficient of variation (relative standard deviation) layer thickness diffusion coefficient enzyme potential Enzyme Classification enzyme-chemically modified electrode ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid enzyme immunoassay enzyme loading factor flavin adenine dinucleotide field effect transistor flow injection analysis amplification factor glucose oxidase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase hepatitis B surface antigen human chorionic gonadotropin... 

A. Classification and Prototypes The indirect-acting cholinomimetic drugs fall into two major chemical classes carbamic acid esters (carbamates neostigmine is a prototype) and phosphoric acid esters (phosphates, organophosphates echothiophate is a prototype). A third class has only one member edrophonium is an alcohol (not an ester) with a very short duration of action. 

CAS 126-73-8 EINECS/ELINCS 204-800-2 Synonyms Butyl phosphate n-Butyl phosphate Phosphoric acid tributyl ester Phosphoric acid, tri-n-butyl ester TBP Tri-n-butyl phosphate Classification Organophosphate... 

Synonyms Cresyl phosphate Phosphoric acid, tris (methylphenyl) ester Phosphoric acid, tritolyl ester TCP Tricresyl phosphate, with > 3% ortho isomer Tris (methylphenyl) phosphate Tris (tolyloxy) phosphine oxide Tritolyl phosphate Classification Aromatic phosphorus compd. 

CAS 78-42-2 EINECS/ELINCS 201-116-6 Synonyms 2-Ethylhexanol phosphate 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol phosphate 2-Ethyl hexanol, phosphate triester 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, phosphate Octyl phosphate Phosphoric acid, tris (2-ethylhexyl) ester TOP TOP Triethylhexyl phosphate Tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate Classification Phosphoric acid ester Empirical C24H51O4P Formula [CH3(CH2)3CH(C2Hs)CH20]3P0 Properties Colorless to pale yel. clear liq. si. sharp odor sol. in alcohol, acetone, ether, min. oil, gasoline pract. insol. in water m.w. 434.72 dens. 0.924 (26 C) vapor pressure 1.9 mm Hg (20 C) f.p. -90 C (sets to glass) pour pt. -74 C b.p. 190-233 C (dec.) flash pt.(OC) 207 C ref. index 1.4440 anionic... 

Examples of Raman spectra from three different types of human coronary artery are shown in Fig. 17. The top spectrum was obtained from a sample of nonatherosclerotic (normal) coronary artery, the middle from a noncalcified atheromatous plaque, and the bottom from a calcified plaque. The spectra from these different artery types are distinct and provide clear features for the determination of the chemical composition and for a histological classification of the arterial wall. For example, the normal coronary artery spectrum is dominated by protein features such as the amide I and III modes at 1650 and 1250 cm respectively, and the CH2 bending modes at —1450 cm In noncalcified atheromatous plaques, spectral features of cholesterol and cholesterol esters constitute the major part of the spectrum. The symmetric stretch at 960 cm of the calcium hydroxyapatite phosphate group dominates the spectrum of calcified plaques. 

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