Pharmaceutical Pharmacist

Drug sampling is a controversial marketing technique used to promote pharmaceuticals. Pharmacists should be encouraged to get involved in efforts to promote safe and appropriate use of samples and ensure control and security. Clinics and institutions should have and enforce policies and procedures for managing samples. Control-... 

Several national organizations serve the professional needs of U.S. pharmacists. These reflect the practice milieu of members, eg, independent community pharmacies, chain dmg stores, and hospitals. The American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA), founded in 1852, is composed of the Academy of Pharmaceutical Research and Science, Academy of Pharmaceutical Practice and Management, and the Academy of Students of Pharmacy. Other organizations include the American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists (ASHP), National Association of Chain Dmg Stores (NACDS), and National Association of Retail Dmggists (NARD). 

Pharmazeut, m. pharmaceutist, pharmacist. Pharmazeutik, /. pharmaceutics, pharmazeutisch, a. pharmaceutical. Phannazle,/. pharmacy. 

The difference between the monthly salary of a GMP inspector and of a head of production in a private pharmaceutical plant is considerable. The salary of a head of production is 3.3 times greater than that of a GMP inspector in Tunisia, and double that of a GMP inspector in Uganda. In these two countries, the gap between the monthly salary of a distribution-channel inspector and that of a pharmacist working in a retail pharmacy is smaller, but still significant. In Australia and the Netherlands, salaries for pharmaceutical professionals in the public and private sectors are comparable. Only in Cypms are GMP and distribution-channel inspectors better paid than their private-sector counterparts. 

We will also review the development of chemical metrology in the pharmaceutical industry, an industry that is ever more closely related to molecular biology. The pharmacists first developed quality protocols and reference materials more than 40 years ago, quite independently of the activities of ISO and the REMCO Technical Committee. Only in the closing years of the 20th Century have these two important groups begun to realize that they share common objectives. 

The significance of particulate contamination in all parenteral preparations and devices has received much attention. Although it has not been established that particles can cause toxic effects, the pharmaceutical industry, the medical profession, hospital pharmacists, and FDA all realize the importance of reducing particulate levels in all parenteral products and devices. 

Extemporaneous production of pediatric dosage forms is commonly undertaken in hospitals. Without the sophisticated formulation capabilities of pharmaceutical manufacturers, alcohol-based vehicles have been recommended for extemporaneous preparation of liquid dosage forms [73]. There is a critical need to conduct research studies to assist the pharmacist in replacing current formulations with stable, alcohol-free preparations [74]. 

The Animal Health Institute (AHI), the premier trade organization of animal health industries, had its beginnings in Des Moines, Iowa, sharing offices and staff with the Iowa Pharmacists Association. The executive secretary of the Iowa Pharmaceutical Association and Animal Health Institute was a pharmacist who eventually became the full-time executive secretary for the AHI when it moved its headquarters to Washington, D.C. 

The new millenium professional pharmacist with rigorous training in the scientific and clinical properties of drug substances and pharmaceutical formulations should be well able to dispassionately evaluate bioe-quivaleny data and give an objective, professional opinion as to validity of data purported to demonstrate generic bioequivalence. 

The 1997 Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act (FDAMA) specifically recognizes the right of a licensed pharmacist to compound pharmaceutical products in response to, or in anticipation of an appropriate prescription. The Act also authorized the establishment of an FDA Expert Advisory Committee... 

International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. International Pharmaceutical Abstracts [104], published semimonthly, is an abstracting/indexing publication which covers all pharmaceutical literature. IPA covers approximately 700 worldwide pharmaceutical, medical, herbal, cosmetics, and health-related publications. IPA features all abstracts from American Society of Health-System Pharmacist s Annual, Midyear Clinical, and Home, Hospice, and Long-Term Care Meetings, coverage of state pharmacy journals, and American Pharmaceutical Association and American College of Clinical Pharmacy meeting abstracts. IPA indicates articles that offer CE credit. IPA is commercially available in several formats. 

As pharmacists engage in pharmaceutical care and increasingly in the monitoring of pharmacotherapy in... 

What is less clear is how, or whether, the roles of pharmacists will grow or advance. Since no significant increase in the number of practicing pharmacists can be foreseen in the immediate future to take on this increasing workload, while hopefully continuing to expand services and the delivery of pharmaceutical care, pharmacy clearly faces a major challenge. More use of better trained, certified, or even licensed technicians is one approach. More automation and computerization is another. A rapid growth in the expected use of electronic prescriptions may also allow further efficiencies—even the prospect of a paperless automated process. 

Generics 2001 and the generic pharmaceutical industry, supplemental issue to U.S. Pharmacist, Nov. 2000. 

Pharmaceutical Care Insights from Community Pharmacists William N. Tindall and Marsha K. Millonig... 

In contrast to this, the main objective of price regulation in Spain is to contain the pharmaceutical bill of the SNS.14 The Directorate-General of Pharmacy fixes the ex-factory price of each and every one of the presentations of the pharmaceuticals included in public health care. This authorized price is the maximum ruling price in both the public health sector and direct sales to the public in pharmacies. Laboratories can only make price increases above the maximum price fixed for each presentation when the government authorizes a general price revision. The markups of distributing wholesalers and pharmacists are also fixed by the authorities as a percentage over the exfactory price. 

However, it must be stressed that pharmaceutical expenditure is just another input in health production policies, and its complementariness or substitutability with other inputs, and cross-effects in general, make it necessary to take an overall approach to ary rationalization process. In pharmaceutical policy in particular, it is impossible to ignore the deficits caused by distribution costs, the absence of real competition in the dispensing market and the perverse effects of the present system of remuneration for pharmacists. 

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