Pharmacists Pharmacists

Wholesale distribution State Health Dept. requirements Not required Same as above Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist/ Pharmacy technician... 

Hospital pharmacy State health dept. National Hospital accreditation criteria Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist Dispenser Pharmacist Pharmacist... 

Manufacturing Qualified person GMP qualified person Pharmacist/ Chemist Pharmacist or other relevant university degree Pharmacist(s) Qualified person Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist... 

Retail pharmacy Pharmacy Board criteria, plus Health Insurance Commission Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist (for drug items only) Pharmacist Pharmacist Pharmacist (annual renewal) Pharmacist Pharmacist... 

APhA programs, products, and services are built in recognition of the dual roles of contemporary pharmacists 1) to insure that the public has access to a safe, efficient, accurate, and patient-sensitive drug distribution system, and 2) that patients achieve optimal outcomes from medication use (prescription, nonprescription, and nontradi-tional therapies) with the assistance of pharmacists. Pharmacists may engage in one or both aspects of these roles, and APhA members practice in a wide variety of different settings, either directly or indirectly affecting patient care. 

While the principal value of the book is for the professional chemist or student of chemistry, it should also be of value to many people not especially educated as chemists. Workers in the natural sciences—physicists, mineralogists, biologists, pharmacists, engineers, patent attorneys, and librarians—are often called upon to solve problems dealing with the properties of chemical products or materials of construction. Eor such needs this compilation supplies helpful information and will serve not only as an economical substitute for the costly accumulation of a large library of monographs on specialized subjects, but also as a means of conserving the time required to search for... 

G. K. McEvoy, ed.,MHFS Drug Information, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, Md., 1995, pp. 2439. 

In the United States, there is no national qualifying or licensing body for pharmacists. Licensure requirements are promulgated by State boards of pharmacy that administer examinations, issue internship requirements, and oversee the practice of pharmacy. The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy serves the collective needs of the state boards. This organisation has no Hcensure authority. However, it has developed a standardized Hcensure examination (NABPLEX), which as of this writing (ca 1995) is used by 48 states (see Licensing). 

Several national organizations serve the professional needs of U.S. pharmacists. These reflect the practice milieu of members, eg, independent community pharmacies, chain dmg stores, and hospitals. The American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA), founded in 1852, is composed of the Academy of Pharmaceutical Research and Science, Academy of Pharmaceutical Practice and Management, and the Academy of Students of Pharmacy. Other organizations include the American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists (ASHP), National Association of Chain Dmg Stores (NACDS), and National Association of Retail Dmggists (NARD). 

The American College of Apothecaries represents pharmacists whose practices can best be described as emphasizing prescription and related products. Some pharmacists practice as consultants and providers to long-term care health faciUties, eg, nursing homes. Both state and U.S. laws have mandated closer control of dmg products in such units. The American Association of Consultant Pharmacists has been formed to serve the needs of such pharmacists. 

The pharmacist or physician can report any problems experienced with dmg products and medical devices. In cases where the PDA and/or manufacturer finds that a marketed product constitutes an actual or potential threat to the safety and welfare of the pubhc, that product must be withdrawn from the marketplace, ie, recalled. Several classes of recalls exist, depending on the relative danger that the product exhibits. C/ass I dmgs pose a serious health threat and may require withdrawal at the consumer level C/ass II dmgs pose a possible or potential health problem that usually means withdrawal at the pharmacy or wholesaler levels and C/ass III dmgs may present a remote hazard to health and safety. 

Field coating of welds has always presented problems. Straw and jute with a greasy material was employed in 1910, but this later saponified in the soil. By chance the pharmacist Schade of Berlin learned of this problem and recommended the use of petroleum jelly in a bandage-like application. Hot-applied bitumen bands, as used by pipe works since 1928. proved to be most durable. Since 1930, electrical measuring methods have played an important part in research into insulation bands and pipe coverings carried out by the Gas Institute in Karlsruhe, the present-day Engier-Bunte Institute 18). 

Day after day, patients appear in the pharmacy asking for a herbal tea for a particular kind of condition. When the pharmacist asks the routine question whether a simple" herbal tea or a special mixed tea or a tea bag or an instant tea is wanted, mostly the stereotyped answer comes back You know which is the best one. Give me that one ... 

This trust in the pharmacist must not be disappointed, but - witli Ins hand on his heart - what pharmacist has not sometimes wondered whether he has recomtnended the right one ... 

The present book is an altcinpl to fill this gap and to make available to the pharmacist and doctor a coherent discussion of everything to do with herbal drugs. 

The higher price of such tea bags is justified by the higher quality of the product. Every pharmacist should be in a position to make clear this essential advantage to his clients. 

In making his (her) recommendations, the pharmacist must realize that two types of instant teas are available, which, as a result of the manufacturing process and the resulting quality characteristics, are very different from each other ... 

The single dose of a drug is mo.stly derived from experience it is only possible in a very few cases to calculate it from the activity of the constituents. However, as many herbal drugs arc only weakly active and contain non-toxic substances, i.e, the therapeutic index is large, exceeding the dose is usually only of minor significance nevertheless, the pharmacist must know what the exceptions are in this book, the sections on Side effects and Making the tea draw particular attention to such cases, c.g. arnica flowers, liquorice root, etc. 

Brewing drugs usually reduces the germ count to one-tenth of the original figure and kills any enterobacteria present [6, 7]. Reduction of the germ count can be achieved by brief boiling of the (strained) extract - a matter that the pharmacist should, if appropriate, point out. 

Although the information is important, especially for the manufacturer of phytophar-maceuticals, it should also interest the pharmacist and doctor which indications, contraindications, side effects, interactions, dosages, manner of use, and effects are, as it were, officially recognized in some cases, where the evidence is insufficient, the Commission E came to the conclusion not to advocate therapeutic use - this, of course, in no way prohibits their use, but the pharmacist in his discussions with his clients will be hesitant in recommending or will inform them of the fact. Since the information regarding the constituents of the drugs in this book is mostly more detailed than in the monographs of the Commission F, as a rule this has been omitted here. 

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