Pharmaceutical applications, nuclear

Pharmaceutical Applications. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Applications Pharmaceutical. Spectrophotometry Pharmaceutical Applications. 

DE Bugay. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Theory and pharmaceutical applications. Pharm Res 10(30) 317-327, 1993. 

A number of radiometals have nuclear properties suitable for diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications. The radiometals that form the basis of current radiopharmaceuticals, and those with nuclear properties most suitable for diagnostic or therapeutic applications, are discussed in terms of their chemistry, nuclear properties, and potential pharmaceutical applications. Two clearly... 

Analysis of small ions has been published for many applications other than pharmaceutical applications, and has a growing impact in industrial, environmental, biomedical, clinical, and forensic laboratories. Sample matrices range from simple tap water to Kraft black liquor, including river and seawater, beer and wine, environmental water, and nuclear plant water, but also body fluids such as serum, urine, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and many others. Those topics alone would require a separate book. 

Several complexes have been tested for potential pharmaceutical applications and some of them have been introduced into practice.84,126 Isolation of antibiotics of boron complex type (Section 24.3.3.2) and results obtained with carboxyborane complexes that are analogues of amino acids (Section 24.2.2) are likely to stimulate further studies. Quite a few boron complexes have found application in 10B neutron capture therapy based on the 10B(n, a)7Li nuclear reaction.84,126,172... 

Technetium is now moderately abundant because it accumulates in the decay products of nuclear power plants. Another isotope, technetium-99, has pharmaceutical applications, particularly for bone scans (Box 17.2). 

Byrn SE, Bugay DE, Tishmack PA. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy—pharmaceutical applications. J Pharm Sci 2003 92(3) 441-474. 

Tishmack, P.A. Bugay, D.E. Byrn, S.R. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy— pharmaceutical applications. J. Pharm. Sci. 2003, 92, 441-474. 

R 598 L. K. Thompson, Unraveling the Secrets of Alzheimer s j3-Amyloid Fibrils , P. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2003,100, 383 R 599 T. Timusk, The Mysterious Pseudogap in High Temperature Superconductors An Infrared View , Solid State Commun., 2003,127, 337 R 600 P. A. Tishmack, D. E. Bugay and S. R. Byrn, Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Pharmaceutical Applications , J. Pharm. Sci., 2003, 92,441... 

See also Extraction Solid-Phase Extraction. Food and Nutritional Analysis Oils and Fats Fruits and Fruit Products. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies. Liquid Chromatography Liquid Chromatography-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Oven/iew Principles Instrumentation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Applications Food. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Techniques Solid-State. Peptides. Radiochemical Methods Radiotracers Pharmaceutical Applications. 

See also Bioassays Overview. Drug Metabolism Metabolite Isolation and Identification. Infrared Spectroscopy Ovenriew. Liquid Chromatography Liquid Chromatography-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry Pharmaceutical Applications. Mass Spectrometry ... 

Tishmack PA, Bugay DE, and Byrn SR (2003) Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - pharmaceutical applications./owma/ of Pharmaceutical Sciences 92 577-610. 

The carbonyl complex salt Na3[W(CO)5(L)] is very stable in aerated aqueous media unless subjected to photolysis. Under irradiation, this compound demonstrates high photolability, leading to the release of approximately one CO. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data confirm that phosphine photolabilisation is at most a minor pathway (<5 %), making Na3[W(CO)5(L)] an effective photoactivated carbon monoxide releasing moiety for possible pharmaceutical applications [83]. 

As new production processes develop, in parallel with the derivation of new products, then the decanter will be adapted to keep pace with such changes. Oil production and refining will continue to be a challenge to the decanter manufacturer, especially as production moves into less hospitable zones. There is a wealth of food, protein, biochemical and pharmaceutical applications awaiting the efficient clean-in-place process for decanters, while the increasing demands on municipal and industrial waste treatment will also add to the application range. If nuclear power returns to favour, then here also the decanter will have a part to play, especially once it is fully automated. The need to be able to process low-grade metal ores will also need help from the decanter. 

Sequences NMR Relaxation Rates NMR Spectrometers NQR, Applications Nuclear Overhauser Effect Structural Chemistry Using NMR Spectroscopy, Organic Molecules Structural Chemistry Using NMR Spectroscopy, Pharmaceuticals Two-Dimensional NMR, Methods. 

Analytical methods involving exhaustive extraction of flavor compounds (i.e., liquid/liquid extraction, dynamic headspace) do not take these matrix effects into account. However, new instrumentation and methodologies are yielding improved information on the mechanisms involved in flavor/matrix interactions and the effects on flavor perception. For example, spectroscopic techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), can provide information on complex formation as a function of chemical environment and have been used to study both intra- and intermolecular interactions in model systems [28,31]. In addition, NMR techniques, initially developed to study ligand binding for biological and pharmaceutical applications, were applied in 2002 to model food systems to screen flavor mixtures and identify those compounds that will bind to macromolecules such as proteins and tannins [32]. Flavor release in the mouth can be simulated with analytical tools such as the retronasal aroma simulator (RAS) developed by Roberts and Acree [33]. These release cells can provide... 

Spouted beds Wiirster coaters Moderate (layered) 50 ton/hr continuous cohesive powders, good for coating applications detergents Batch pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, nuclear wastes... 

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in pharmaceutical research has been used primarily in a classical, organic chemistry framework. Typical studies have included (1) the structure elucidation of compounds [1,2], (2) investigating chirality of drug substances [3,4], (3) the determination of cellular metabolism [5,6], and (4) protein studies [7-9], to name but a few. From the development perspective, NMR is traditionally used again for structure elucidation, but also for analytical applications [10]. In each case, solution-phase NMR has been utilized. It seems ironic that although —90% of the pharmaceutical products on the market exist in the solid form, solid state NMR is in its infancy as applied to pharmaceutical problem solving and methods development. 

Modern spectroscopy plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis. Historically, spectroscopic techniques such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) were used primarily for characterization of drug substances and structure elucidation of synthetic impurities and degradation products. Because of the limitation in specificity (spectral and chemical interference) and sensitivity, spectroscopy alone has assumed a much less important role than chromatographic techniques in quantitative analytical applications. However, spectroscopy offers the significant advantages of simple sample preparation and expeditious operation. 

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