Pharmaceutical applications, nuclear magnetic resonance

Everett, J.R. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications/pharmaceutical. In Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Townshend, A. and Colin E. Poole, Eds., 2nd edn., Elsevier, U.K. 2005, pp. 321-332. 

See also Extraction Solid-Phase Extraction. Food and Nutritional Analysis Oils and Fats Fruits and Fruit Products. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies. Liquid Chromatography Liquid Chromatography-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Oven/iew Principles Instrumentation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Applications Food. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Techniques Solid-State. Peptides. Radiochemical Methods Radiotracers Pharmaceutical Applications. 

See also Drug Metabolism Metabolite Isolation and Identification. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Instrumentation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy-Applicable Elements Hydrogen Isotopes. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Applications Pharmaceutical. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Techniques Multidimensional Proton Surface Coil In Vivo Spectroscopy Using Localization Techniques. Polymers Synthetic. 

See alscr. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Overview Principles. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Applications Pharmaceutical. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Techniques Solid-State. 

Pharmaceutical Applications. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Applications Pharmaceutical. Spectrophotometry Pharmaceutical Applications. 

DE Bugay. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Theory and pharmaceutical applications. Pharm Res 10(30) 317-327, 1993. 

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in pharmaceutical research has been used primarily in a classical, organic chemistry framework. Typical studies have included (1) the structure elucidation of compounds [1,2], (2) investigating chirality of drug substances [3,4], (3) the determination of cellular metabolism [5,6], and (4) protein studies [7-9], to name but a few. From the development perspective, NMR is traditionally used again for structure elucidation, but also for analytical applications [10]. In each case, solution-phase NMR has been utilized. It seems ironic that although —90% of the pharmaceutical products on the market exist in the solid form, solid state NMR is in its infancy as applied to pharmaceutical problem solving and methods development. 

Modern spectroscopy plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis. Historically, spectroscopic techniques such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) were used primarily for characterization of drug substances and structure elucidation of synthetic impurities and degradation products. Because of the limitation in specificity (spectral and chemical interference) and sensitivity, spectroscopy alone has assumed a much less important role than chromatographic techniques in quantitative analytical applications. However, spectroscopy offers the significant advantages of simple sample preparation and expeditious operation. 

Byrn SE, Bugay DE, Tishmack PA. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy—pharmaceutical applications. J Pharm Sci 2003 92(3) 441-474. 

One technique that is becoming increasingly important for the characterization of materials is that of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the application of this methodology to topics of pharmaceutical interest has been amply demonstrated.The NMR spectra of polymorphs or solvatomorphs often contains non-equivalent resonance peaks for analogous nuclei since the intimate details of the molecular environments associated with differing crystal structures can lead to perturbations in nuclear resonance energies. 

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique used in the analysis of solids, and is currently finding more and more applications, particularly in the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations. It is a non-destructive, non-invasive technique that can be employed to simultaneously examine the physical and chemical states of both the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the excipients present as they exist within the formulation. It is also highly selective, as nuclei of the API often have different chemical shifts than do common excipients. 

Tishmack, P.A. Bugay, D.E. Byrn, S.R. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy— pharmaceutical applications. J. Pharm. Sci. 2003, 92, 441-474. 

Y Aboul-Enein. Applications of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to pharmaceutical research. Spectroscopy 5 32-33, 1990. 

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is one of only a few scientific techniques that have been widely applied in many different areas such as physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. Today, NMR plays a crucial role in structure-function studies of organic and inorganic compounds and of large biomolecules, particularly proteins and DNA. In medicine it is one of the most important imaging techniques available to physicians and it also has extensive applications in pharmaceutical research. In this special issue of NMR of Proteins and Small Biomolecules, review chapters cover a wide-range of topics on some of the latest developments in NMR techniques and their applications. 

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