Petrol filters

ISO 19438 Diesel fuel and petrol filters for internal combustion engines — Filtration efficiency using particle coimting and contaminant retention capacity... 

The oxime is freely soluble in water and in most organic liquids. Recrystallise the crude dry product from a minimum of 60-80 petrol or (less suitably) cyclohexane for this purpose first determine approximately, by means of a small-scale test-tube experiment, the minimum proportion of the hot solvent required to dissolve the oxime from about 0-5 g. of the crude material. Then place the bulk of the crude product in a small (100 ml.) round-bottomed or conical flask fitted with a reflux water-condenser, add the required amount of the solvent and boil the mixture on a water-bath. Then turn out the gas, and quickly filter the hot mixture through a fluted filter-paper into a conical flask the sodium chloride remains on the filter, whilst the filtrate on cooling in ice-water deposits the acetoxime as colourless crystals. These, when filtered anddried (either by pressing between drying-paper or by placing in an atmospheric desiccator) have m.p. 60 . Acetoxime sublimes rather readily when exposed to the air, and rapidly when warmed or when placed in a vacuum. Hence the necessity for an atmospheric desiccator for drying purposes. 

Dimethylphenylsilyl lithium (1 mmol, above THF solution) was added to copper(i) iodide (0.5 mmol) at — 23 °C, and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 4h. The enone (0.75-0.5mmol) was then added, and stirring was continued at —23 °C for 0.5 h. The mixture was then poured on to ice(25 g)/HCl(5 ml), and extracted with chloroform (3 x 25 ml). The combined extracts were filtered, washed with HCI (25ml, 3m), water (25 ml), saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (25 ml) and water (25 ml), and dried. Concentration and purification by preparative t.l.c. (eluting solvent 3 7 ether petrol) gave the /J-silylketone (40-99%). 

The submitters purified the product by the following procedure. The residual pale yellow solid is dissolved in 50 ml of diethyl ether and the remaining solid is filtered off (Note 16). The filtrate is concentrated to a volume of ca. 25 mL, and the solution is allowed to crystallize at 0°C. Once crystallization begins, 50 mL of petroleum ether is added in two portions over 10 hr, and then crystallization is allowed to proceed overnight at 0°C. The white solid is collected by filtration and washed with a mixture of 3 1 petroleum ether-diethyl ether to afford 3.8 g of 4. Chromatographic purification of the mother liquor (5.5 x 18 cm of DSH silica gel 40-63 mm, elution with 1 L of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 4 1 followed by 1.5 L of 3 1 petroleum ether-ethyl acetate) gives 2.5 g of 4 as a pale yellow solid. All the material is combined and recrystallized from diethyl ether/petrol as above to yield 5.2 g (47%) of 4 in two crops. 

J. W. Dobson, Jr. and P. D. Kayga. Magnesium peroxide breaker system improves filter cake removal. Petrol Eng Int, 68(10) 49-50, October 1995. 

Figure 16. Time response of a bent PCS fibre to liquid hydrocarbons and petrol with and without the output mode filter.

Benzyl cyanide (40 g. = 0 33 mole) is heated in a round-bottomed flask (capacity 0-5 1.), with a mixture of 50 c.c. of concentrated sulphuric acid and 30 c.c. of water. The flask is provided with an upright air condenser, and is placed in a conical (Babo) air bath. The heating is continued until the appearance of small bubbles of vapour indicates that a reaction, which rapidly becomes violent, has set in the liquid boils up, and white fumes are emitted. It is allowed to cool and then two volumes of water are added. After some time the phenylacetic acid which has crystallised out is filtered off with suction. If a sample of the material does not form a clear solution with sodium carbonate in water (presence of phenylacetamide), the whole of the crude material is shaken with sodium carbonate solution and the mixture is filtered. From the clear filtrate phenylacetic acid is reprecipitated with sulphuric acid, and can be recrystallised directly from a rather large volume of hot water or, after drying, from petrol ether. Because of its low melting point (76°) it often separates at first as an oil, but it can also be conveniently purified by distillation in vacuo from a sausage flask.2... 

After the liquid has become clear, filter at the pump, wash the yellowish-brown precipitate with water, and dry thoroughly, first on porous plate and then in a vacuum. Then recrystallise from petrol ether (boiling point. 50°-60°) decolorising with a little animal charcoal. Melting point 98°. Heat a sample with dilute hydrochloric acid in a test tube. 

Wheel trims, grilles, trap doors for gasoline (petrol) tanks, engine covers, clutch pedals, intake manifolds, headlight parabolas, spoilers, radiator tank fittings, door handles, window winders, interconnection boxes, decorative parts, air and water filter elements, airbag canisters... 

Freshly prepared silver oxide (88 mg, 0.38 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of the alcohol [3aR-[3aa,4a,5P(R),7aa]-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-5-(l-phenylethoxy)benzo[d]-l,3-dioxol-2-one (53 mg, 0.19 mmol) and benzyl bromide (0.080 ml, 0.67 mmol) in DMF (2 ml) at RT under argon and the mixture stirred vigorously in the dark for 64 h. The mixture was diluted with ether, filtered through a pad of silica which was then washed copiously with ether and DCM, and the filtrate evaporated in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ether, washed with water and brine, dried (MgS04) and evaporated in vacuum. Column chromatography (30-100% ether-petrol, gradient elution) of the residue afforded the title benzyl erher. (70 mg, 100%) as needles, m.p. 97°-99°C [oc]D20 +102.9° (c 1.0, CHCI3). 

Hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde (16.875 g, 0.111 M), ethyl 5-bromopentanoate (23.25 g, 17.6 ml, 0.111 M), anhydrous potassium carbonate (16.5 g), sodium iodide (0.675 g) and 95% ethanol (150 ml) were refluxed with stirring (16 hours). The cooled reaction mixture was filtered and the solid washed well with ethanol. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness and the residue partitioned between ether and water. The ethereal layer was separated and washed with 2 N sodium hydroxide solution, water, dried (sodium sulfate) and evaporated. The residue was dissolved in 95% ethanol (300 ml) and 0.66 N sodium hydroxide solution (450 ml) and stirred at ambient temperature (4 hours). The reaction mixture was evaporated to half volume and diluted with water. The mixture was extracted once with ether and the aqueous layer acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid with cooling. The crystalline solid formed was filtered off and washed well with water. Recrystallisation from ethyl acetate-petrol gave 5-(2-formyl-3-methoxyphenoxy)pentanoic acid, melting point 99-101°C. 

These reactions require anhydrous aluminum chloride and a 50-80% petrol solution of triethylaluminum. The process is carried in a cylindrical steel apparatus, which has a propeller agitator with a shielded electric drive. The synthesis takes place at a temperature not exceeding 60 °C for 2-3 hours. Then the reaction products are subjected to filtering or distillation. 

In purifying mixtures of gas-forming substances, activated carbon is utilized in cigarette filters (mainly in Japan), in gas-mask filters, in venting filters for car petrol tanks (mainly in the USA and Japan) and in air conditioning units for the purification of ambient air. Industry also utilizes activated carbon for the recovery of a multiplicity of volatile solvents from the ambient air, for adsorption of poisonous or noxious gases (e.g. hydrogen sulfide) and as catalysts or catalyst supports. 

Cl - with either diesel particulate filters, DPF, or petrol three-way catalysts, TWC, requiring low-friction, low-viscosity lubricants with HTHS minimum of 2.9 mPa.s. These lubricants will increase DPF and TWC life and maintain fuel economy. These lubricants have the lowest sulphated ash/phosphorus/sulphur (SAPS) limits. 

The seeds, freed from husks and powdered, are extracted first with petrol to remove a fatty oil (about 27.5%), then with cold or hot 95% alcohol containing 3% of acetic acid. The residue left on evaporation of the alcohol is dissolved in water, and the filtered solution is made alkaline and extracted with chloroform. Evaporation of the chloroform extract yields yellowish crystals (about 0.5%) which are purified by crystallization from water (charcoal) or benzene. 

Uses Lubricant, emollient for creams and lotions antifoam for nonaq. petrol, processing systems, hydraulic fluids, pigment flotation on paints heat transfer fluid for drug mfg. release agent also for cosmetics, car polish aerosol pkg. lubricant in antiperspirants/deodorants defoamer for food processing in resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings in food-contact paper/paperboard in resin-bonded filters for food contact in food-contact textiles... 

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