Filter diesel particulate

J. Dinesen, S.S. Nissen, and H. Christensen, Electrochemical Diesel Particulate Filter, SAE paper 980547, Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment (SP-1313) 197-201 (1998). 

The small particles are reported to be very harmful for human health [98]. To remove particulate emissions from diesel engines, diesel particulate filters (DPF) are used. Filter systems can be metallic and ceramic with a large number of parallel channels. In applications to passenger cars, only ceramic filters are used. The channels in the filter are alternatively open and closed. Consequently, the exhaust gas is forced to flow through the porous walls of the honeycomb structure. The solid particles are deposited in the pores. Depending on the porosity of the filter material, these filters can attain filtration efficiencies up to 97%. The soot deposits in the particulate filter induce a steady rise in flow resistance. For this reason, the particulate filter must be regenerated at certain intervals, which can be achieved in the passive or active process [46]. 

Catalyst activities, specific, 10 47t Catalyst additives, nitrogen oxide emissions and, 11 719 Catalyst-based diesel particulate filter (CB-DPF) technology, 10 61-62 Catalyst bed(s)... 

DCL DDGS DEFC DICI DISI DME DMFC DOE DP DPF Direct coal liquefaction Distillers dried grains with solubles Direct ethanol fuel cell Direct-injection compression ignition Direct-injection spark ignition Dimethylether Direct methanol fuel cell Department of Energy (USA) Dynamic programming Diesel particulate filter... 

FIG. 17-56 Typical porous wall tube array diesel particulate filter. 

The extended SCR model has been integrated with other catalyst and diesel particulate filter (DPF) models in the Daimler exhaust gas after-treatment systems simulation environment ExACT. The model was also extended to other SCR catalytic materials [79]. 

Anke Giithenke, Daniel Chatterjee, Michel Weibel, Bernd Krutzsch, Petr Koci, Milos Marek, Isabella Nova and Enrico Tronconi, Current Status of Modeling Lean Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment Catalysts Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos, Margaritis Kostoglou, Nickolas Vlachos and Evdoxia Kladopoulou, Advances in the Science and Technology of Diesel Particulate Filter Simulation... 

This chapter discusses both the development of models and their application. One way of organising this chapter would be to discuss model development first and then go on to consider the applications. However, as the entire reason for developing these models is to have a practical tool for system design, it was decided to start with the application of the models. The next section discusses the physical model for a monolith reactor, which is common to all technologies (except diesel particulate filters) discussed later. Our approach to model development will then be covered in detail, using TWCs as an example. The final section will outline work done on the various technologies used for diesel exhaust aftertreatment. 

Diesel particulate filters (DPF), which remove particulate from the exhaust stream. They can also be coated with catalyst, e.g. DOC, LNT or SCR, to enable removal of gaseous pollutants in the same system component. 

Regeneration using nitrogen dioxide is the basis for the operation of the CRT diesel particulate filter system (Allansson et al., 2002 Cooper et al., 1990). 

ADVANCES IN THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER SIMULATION... 

Fio. 1. An example of a future integrated soot-NOx emission control system. DPF stands for diesel particulate filter. Sensory inputs of temperature (7), pressure (/ ), pressure drop (AP), soot and NOx concentration will be required along the exhaust pipe. 

Konstandopoulos, A. G. Flow resistance descriptors for diesel particulate filters Definitions, measurements and testing. SAE Technical Paper No. 2003-01-0846 (SP-1755) (2003). 

Konstandopoulos, A. G., and lohnson, I. H. Wall-flow diesel particulate filters-their pressure drop and collection efficiency. SAE Technical Paper No. 890405, SAE Trans. 98 sec. 3 (I. Engines), pp. 625-647 (1989). 

Konstandopoulos, A. G., and Kladopoulou, E. A Virtual Sensor for On-board Diagnostics and Control of Diesel Particulate Filters . CDAuto03A2028, CD AUTO 03, 4th International Conference on Control and Diagnostics in Automotive Applications, Sestri-Levante, Italy, 2003, June 18-20. 

Konstandopoulos, A. G., Kostoglou, M., Skaperdas, E., Papaioannou, E., Zarvalis, D., and Kladopoulou, E., Fundamental studies of diesel particulate filters Transient loading, regeneration and aging. SAE Technical Paper No. 2000-01-1016 (SP-1497) (2000). 

Muntean, M., Rector, D., Herling, D., Khaleel, M., and Lessor, D. Lattice-Boltzmann diesel particulate filter sub-grid modelling- progress report. SAE Technical Paper No. 2003-01-0835 (2003). 

Ogyu, K., Ohno, K., Hong, S., and Komori, T. Ash storage capacity enhancement of diesel particulate filter. SAE Technical Paper No. 2004-01-0949 (2004). 

Vlachos, N., Housiada, P., Zarvalis, D., and Konstandopoulos, A. G., Transient filtration and pressure drop behavior of diesel particulate filters, in Particle Loading and Kinetics of Filtration in Fibrous Filters (M. J. Lehmann, and G. Kasper Eds.), pp. 13-26. University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe (2002). 

Young, D. M., Hickman, D. L., Bhatia, G., and Gunasekaran, N. Ash storage concept for diesel particulate filters. SAE Technical Paper No. 2004-01-0948 (2004). 

Zarvalis, D., Altiparmakis, C., Mei, F., and Konstandopoulos, A. G. Evaluation of a Multi-layer Sintered Metal Fibrous Diesel Particulate Filter . European Aerosol Conference EAC 2003, Madrid, Spain, 2003, August 31-September 5. 

Diesel particle filters are a very efficient means of reducing PM mass emissions from diesel vehicles, but do not directly target NOx. However, most diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems contain catalytic materials which assist in the DPF regeneration (the combustion of PM accumulated on the filter to clean the DPF and prevent blockage). Such catalytic materials can have a similar impact to DOCs... 

Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos, Margaritis Kostoglou, Nickolas Vlachos and Evdoxia Kladopoulou, Advances in the Science and Technology of Diesel Particulate Filter Simulation... 

---