Acids pentanoic

Fig. V-11. Electrocapillary curves (a) adsorption of anions (from Ref. 113) (b) absorption of cations (from Ref. 6) (c) electrocapillary curves for -pentanoic acid in QAN HCIO4. Solute activities from top to bottom are 0, 0.04761, 0.09096, 0.1666, and 0.500 (from Ref. 112).

Based on the equation found in Problem 23, estimate the total energy of n-pentanoic acid by extrapolation to 5 carbon atoms. Carry out the calculation at the 6-3IG MP2 level in the GAMESS implementation and determine the 9c difference between the G.AMKSS calculation and the extrapolated estimate. 

Hydroxy 2 methyl pentanoic acid (60% from 2 pentanone)... 

Give the product of the reaction of pentanoic acid with each of the following reagents... 

FLUORINECOMPOUNDS,ORGANIC - FLUORINATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS] (Volll) Octafluoro-lH-pentanoic acid... 

Valeric acid (n-pentanoic acid) [109-52-4] M 102.1, b 95 /22mm, 186.4 /atm, d 0.938, n 1.4080, pK 4.81. Water was removed from the acid by distn using a Vigreux column, until the boiling point reached 183 . A few crystals of KMn04 were added, and after refluxing, the distn was continued, [Andrews and Keefer 7 Am Chem Soc 83 3708 1961.]... 

One-electron oxidation of carboxylate ions generates acyloxy radicals, which undergo decarboxylation. Such electron-transfer reactions can be effected by strong one-electron oxidants, such as Mn(HI), Ag(II), Ce(IV), and Pb(IV) These metal ions are also capable of oxidizing the radical intermediate, so the products are those expected from carbocations. The oxidative decarboxylation by Pb(IV) in the presence of halide salts leads to alkyl halides. For example, oxidation of pentanoic acid with lead tetraacetate in the presence of lithium chloride gives 1-chlorobutane in 71% yield ... 

Electrochemical fluorination of a-cyclohexenyl-substituted carboxylic (acetic, propanoic, butanoic, and pentanoic) acid esters (methyl, ethyl, and propyl) results in a series of both perfluoro-9-alkyl-7-oxabicyclo[4 3 OJnonanes and per-fluoro-8-alkoxy-9-alkyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonanes [<8S] (equation 19)... 

CH3CH2CH2CH2CO2H + HOCOH Pentanoic acid (51%) Carbonic acid... 

IE) Obtaining [3-l6-Methoxy-2-Naphthylj]2,2-Dimethyi Pentanoic Acid 2.5 g of the previous ester are saponified by means of 15 cc of soda lye and 25 cc of methyl glycol. 

Benzyl cyanide is first reacted with 2-butylbromide in the presence of sodium amide to give 2-phenyl-3-methylvaleronitrile which is hydrolyzed by sulfuric acid to give 3-methyl-2-phenyl-pentanoic acid. 24 g of 2-phenyl-3-methyl-pentanoic acid are heated for one hour at 175° to 185°C with 30 g of 2-diethylaminoethanol and 0.5 g of sodium methylate. The excess diethyl-aminoethanol is removed in vacuo, the residue is dissolved in 300 cc of 2 N-acetic acid, the acid solution is shaken with ether and made alkaline with concentrated potassium carbonate solution and ice. The ether solution Is washed with water, dried with sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue is distilled under high vacuum, yielding 20 to 21 g of the basic ester (60% of the theoretical) is obtained, the ester boiling at 98° to 100°C at a pressure of 0.03 mm. The hydrochloride of the ester melts at 112° to 113°C and the methobromide at 100° to 101°C. 

Manganese naphthenate may he used as an oxidation catalyst. Rouchaud and Lutete have made an in-depth study of the liquid phase oxidation of n-hexane using manganese naphthenate. A yield of 83% of C1-C5 acids relative to n-hexane was reported. The highest yield of these acids was for acetic acid followed hy formic acid. The lowest yield was observed for pentanoic acid. 

Pentanoic acid 3-Methylbutanoic acid 2,2-Dimethylpropanoic acid... 

How would you prepare the following substances horn pentanoic acid ... 

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