Intake manifolds

Gasoline engine equipment such as carburetors, injectors, intake manifolds, valve systems and combustion chambers, are subject to fouling by the fuel itself, the gases recycled from the crankcase, or even dust and particulates arriving with poorly filtered air. Three types of problems then result ... 

Fig. 6. Intake manifold system with a water-atomizing spray nozzle distributing to four individual cylinders. See text.

Historically, strontium metal was produced only in very small quantities. Rapid growth of metal production occurred during the late 1980s, however, owing to use as a eutectic modifier in aluminum—silicon casting alloys. The addition of strontium changes the microstmcture of the alloy so that the siUcon is present as a fibrous stmcture, rather than as hard acicular particles. This results in improved ductility and strength in cast aluminum automotive parts such as wheels, intake manifolds, and cylinder heads. 

Intake Manifold Valve Guide Intake Valve... 

Premature ignition can be reduced or eliminated by redesigning the fuel delivery system, which can be categorized into three types central-, port-, and direct injection. Central and port fuel injections form the fuel-air mixture during the intake stroke. In the case of central injection (or a carburetor), the injection is at the inlet of the air intake manifold. In the case of port injection, fuel is injected at the inlet port. Direct injection is technologically sophisticated and involves forming the fuel-air mixture inside the combustion cylinder after the air intake valve has closed [27-36]. 

Wheel trims, grilles, trap doors for gasoline (petrol) tanks, engine covers, clutch pedals, intake manifolds, headlight parabolas, spoilers, radiator tank fittings, door handles, window winders, interconnection boxes, decorative parts, air and water filter elements, airbag canisters... 

Many automakers use reinforced nylon for air intake manifolds because of direct advantages, for example ... 

Plastic manifolds are not only used on mass production cars but also on sports cars such as Porsche models, the Chevrolet Camaro and so on. For the intake manifolds used on the Camaro and Firebird, PPA is replacing PA because of several advantages ... 

Quote "During this contract period, two important improvements have been made in the area of backflash elimination. The first major improvement involved the installation of a conventional gasoline carburettor (connected to a de-ionised water supply) between the gaseous carburettor and the intake manifold. This method of water induction provides more finely atomised water to each cylinder, and is a vast improvement over the previous pressurised sprayer design." So it has been done before albeit for a different purpose. Maybe Roger could have eliminated the use of hydrogen altogether. 

The beginning of the intake stroke (a backfire out the intake manifold). 

These values predict the tendency of stored gasoline to form undesirable oxidation products and residue. Gums and residue may deposit on engine parts such as the intake manifold, intake valves, and intake port. Poor engine performance may result. 

Knock can occur over the entire range of engine speed. During acceleration, a large volume of fuel enters the intake manifold and mixes with air. Vaporization and evaporation of the more volatile, low-octane compounds occurs readily. These compounds enter the combustion chamber and detonate quickly to initiate knock. The higher-octane, less-volatile compounds do not vaporize as rapidly from the fuel volume. See FIGURE 5-5 for fuel combustion chamber abnormalities. 

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