Pesticides polychlorinated biphenyls

Those man-made chemicals which have been identified as being oestrogenic belong to several major groups of chemicals including organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, alkylphenolic compounds, ... 

Elliott JE, Machmer MM, Wilson LK, Henny CJ. 2000. Contaminants in ospreys from the Pacific Northwest. 11. Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury, 1991-1997. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 38 93-106. 

Wiemeyer, S.N., C.M. Bunck, and A.J. Krynitsky. 1988. Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in osprey eggs — 1970-79 — and their relationships to shell thinning and productivity. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17 767-787. 

Ormerod, S.J. and S.J. Tyler. 1994. Inter- and intra-annual variation in the occurrence of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, and mercury in the eggs of a river passerine. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26 7-12. 

Japenga et al. [56] determined polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated insecticides in River Elbe estuary sediments by a procedure in which the sediments were pretreated with acetic acid, mixed with silica and Soxhlet-extracted with benzene/hexane. Humic material and elemental sulphur were removed by passing the extract through a chromatographic column containing basic alumina, on which sodium sulphite and sodium hydroxide were adsorbed. Silica fractionation was followed by gas chromatography to analyse chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Recovery experiments with standard solutions gave recoveries of 90-102%. 

Germain A, Langlois C. 1988. Pollution of the water and suspended sediments of the St. Lawrence River (Ontario, Quebec, Canada) by organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other priority pollutants. Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada 23(4) 602-614. 

Tewis RG, Brown AR, Jackson MD. 1977. Evaluation of polyurethane foam for sampling of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated naphthalenes in ambient air. Anal Chem 49(12) 1668-1672. 

The BioTrol soil washing system is a patented, water-based volume reduction process used to treat excavated soil. It separates slightly contaminated, coarse, washed soil particles from heavily contaminated fine soil particles. The process operates on the premise that (1) contaminants tend to be concentrated in the fine size fraction of soil (sUt, clay, and soil organic matter) and (2) contaminants associated with the coarse soil fraction (sand and gravel) are primarily surficial. The BioTrol soil washing system can be used to treat soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), various industrial chemicals, and metals. 

The Geo-Cleanse process remediates soil and groundwater contaminated with organic compounds including fuel oils, gasoline, solvents, halogenated compounds, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other organic contaminants. 

The soil-cement mixing wall (SMW) is an in situ technology for the fixation, stabilization, and solidification of soils contaminated with metals and semivolatile organic compounds. SMW can be used to treat soils contaminated with pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenols, and poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to depths of up to 100 ft. The technology uses hollow-stem augers to inject solidification/stabilization agents and blend them with the soil. 

The chemicals tested were either organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (the latter are used as flame retardants) (www.wwf.org.uk/chemicals, accessed November 2006). 

Kang, Y.-S., Matsuda, M., Kawano, M., Wakimoto, T., Min, B.-Y., 1997. Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofu-rans in human adipose tissue from western Kyungnam, Korea. Chemosphere 35, 2107— 2117. 

Covaci, A., Gheorghe, A., Hulea, O., Schepens, P., 2006. Levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and biota from the Danube Delta, Romania. Environ. Pollut. 140, 136-149. 

Noren K. 1988. Changes in the levels of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in human milk from Stockholm, Sweden 1972-1985. Chemosphere 17 39-50. 

A number of environmental contaminants (e.g., some organo-chlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) cause cancer in laboratory animals. The committee found no epidemiological evidence to suggest that these compounds individually make a major contribution to the risk of cancer in humans. However, the possibility that they may act synergistically and may thereby create a greater carcinogenic risk cannot be excluded. 

Polychlorinated hydrocarbons Polychlorinated organic compounds Pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls... 

Lewis, R.G., A.R. Brown and M.D. Jackson (1977). Evaluation of polyurethane foam for high-volume air sampling of ambient levels of airborne pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated naphthalenes. Anal. Chem., 49, 1668-1672. 

Most, if not all, cmde food oils contain some contaminants. The most hazardous contaminants in edible oils and fats are the so-caUed persistent organic pollutants (POP). In 1995, the United Nations urged for immediate action on a group of 12 POP, including 8 chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are not on the shortlist, but their presence in edible oils is also a matter of concern. 

In addition to drugs, other chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g.. benzolnrlpyrenc.. T-mcthylchol-anthrenc) and environmental pollutants (e.g.. pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls. TCDD). may induce certain oxidative pathways and, thereby, alter drug re.sponse. -... 

See also Behavioral Toxicology Food Additives Lead Mercury Metals Methylmercury Pesticides Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Sick Building Syndrome. 

See also Dioxins Pesticides Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). 

Baluja G, Hernandez LM, Gonzalez Ma. J, et al. 1982. Presence of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury in Spanish human milk samples. Bull Environ Contain Toxicol 28 573-577. 

Four groups of compounds are considered organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. The list of compounds is given in Table 11.1. 

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